*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of sty

From Middle English sty, from Old English stī, stiġ (“sty, pen, a wooden enclosure; hall”, chiefly in compounds), from Proto-West Germanic *stī, from Proto-Germanic *stiją. Cognate with German Stiege (“wooden crate”), di

3 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 3 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
noun

A pen or enclosure for swine. · A messy, dirty or debauched place.

verb

To place in, or as if in, a sty. · To live in a sty, or any messy or dirty place.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English sty, from Old English stī, stiġ (“sty, pen, a wooden enclosure; hall”, chiefly in compounds), from Proto-West Germanic *stī, from Proto-Germanic *stiją. Cognate with German Stiege (“wooden crate”), dialectal German Steige (“hen-coop”), Danish sti (“sty, enclosure for swine, sheep, hens, etc.”), Swedish stia (“sty for pigs, geese, etc.”), Norwegian sti (“flock of sheep”), Icelandic stía (“a kennel”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionstyenm
  • Inherited-form mentionstīang
  • Inherited-form mention*stīgmw-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*stijągem-pro
  • Cognate mentionStiegede · wooden crate
  • Cognate mentionstida
  • Cognate mentionstiasv
  • Cognate mentionstino
  • Cognate mentionstíais
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "sty"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English sty"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "stī"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English stī"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*stī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stī"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*stiją"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stiją"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Stiege",
        "t": "wooden crate"
      },
      "expansion": "German Stiege (“wooden crate”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "m+",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Steige",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hen-coop"
      },
      "expansion": "German Steige (“hen-coop”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "sti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sty, enclosure for swine, sheep, hens, etc."
      },
      "expansion": "Danish sti (“sty, enclosure for swine, sheep, hens, etc.”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "stia",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sty for pigs, geese, etc."
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish stia (“sty for pigs, geese, etc.”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "sti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "flock of sheep"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian sti (“flock of sheep”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "stía",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a kennel"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic stía (“a kennel”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "sty",
      "sty#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "stī",
      "sti#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "stiġ",
      "stig#Old_English:_sty"
    ],
    [
      "*stī",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stī"
    ],
    [
      "*stiją",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stiją"
    ],
    [
      "Stiege",
      "Stiege#German"
    ],
    [
      "Steige",
      "Steige#German"
    ],
    [
      "sti",
      "sti#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "stia",
      "stia#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "sti",
      "sti#Norwegian"
    ],
    [
      "stía",
      "stía#Icelandic"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
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      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A pen or enclosure for swine.",
        "A messy, dirty or debauched place."
      ],
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        "figuratively"
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        "To live in a sty, or any messy or dirty place."
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        "transitive"
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}

Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
noun

A ladder.

verb

To ascend, rise up, climb.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English stien, stiȝen, stighen, from Old English stīgan (“to go; ascend, mount”), from Proto-West Germanic *stīgan, from Proto-Germanic *stīganą, from Proto-Indo-European *steygʰ-. Cognate with Dutch stijgen, German steigen, Danish stige, Norwegian Bokmål stige, Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish stiga, Old Norse stíga.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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  "templates": [
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      "name": "root",
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        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*steygʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
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      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "stien"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English stien"
    },
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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "stīgan",
        "t": "to go; ascend, mount"
      },
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    },
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      "args": {
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        "2": "gmw-pro",
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      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stīgan"
    },
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      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*stīganą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stīganą"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*steygʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steygʰ-"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "stijgen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch stijgen"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "steigen"
      },
      "expansion": "German steigen"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "stige"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish stige"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "stige"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål stige"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "stiga"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish stiga"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "stíga"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse stíga"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "stien",
      "stien#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "stiȝen",
      "stiȝen#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "stighen",
      "stighen#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "stīgan",
      "stigan#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*stīgan",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stīgan"
    ],
    [
      "*stīganą",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stīganą"
    ],
    [
      "*steygʰ-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/steygʰ-"
    ],
    [
      "stijgen",
      "stijgen#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "steigen",
      "steigen#German"
    ],
    [
      "stige",
      "stige#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "stige",
      "stige#Norwegian_Bokmål"
    ],
    [
      "stiga",
      "stiga#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "stíga",
      "stíga#Old_Norse"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A ladder."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "dialectal"
      ],
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      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To ascend, rise up, climb."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
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Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗
noun

An inflammation of the eyelid.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English styanye, mistaken as "sty on eye" yet composed of Old English stīġend (“sty”, literally “riser”), agent noun from stīgan (“to rise”) + Middle English yë (“eye”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Derivation mentionstyanyeenm
  • Derivation mentionstīġendang · sty
  • Derivation mentionyëenm · eye
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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  "templates": [
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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "styanye"
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      "expansion": "Middle English styanye"
    },
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      "name": "der",
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        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "stīġend",
        "t": "sty",
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      },
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    },
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        "3": "yë",
        "t": "eye"
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    }
  ],
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    ],
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      "yë",
      "ye#Middle_English"
    ]
  ],
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Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for sty →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-c3R5