Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗verb
To bend deeply at the knees while resting on one's feet. · To exercise by bending deeply at the knees and then rising, while bearing weight across the shoulders or upper back. · To lift (a barbell) while performing a squat · To occupy or reside in a place without the permission of the owner.
adj
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryRelatively short or low, and thick or broad. · Sitting on one's heels; sitting close to the ground; cowering or crouching.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs Proto-Italic *eks Latin ex Latin ex- Old French es- Proto-Indo-European *ḱe? Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm Proto-Italic *kom Proto-Italic *kom- Latin co- Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti Proto-Italic *agō Latin agō Latin cōgō Latin coāctusder. Old French quatir Old French esquatirder. Middle English squatten English squat From Middle English squatten, from Old French esquatir, escatir (“compress, press down, lay flat, crush”), from es- (“ex-”) + quatir (“press down, flatten”), from Vulgar Latin *coactire (“press together, force”), from Latin coāctus, perfect passive participle of cōgō (“force together, compress”). The sense “nothing” is synchronically analyzable as a clipping of diddly-squat, although diachronically the direction of derivation is uncertain.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 4 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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"args": {
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"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:squatten<ety:der<fro:esquatir<ety:af<es-><quatir>>>>",
"id": "short",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nOld French es-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin co-\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti\nProto-Italic *agō\nLatin agō\nLatin cōgō\nLatin coāctusder.\nOld French quatir\nOld French esquatirder.\nMiddle English squatten\nEnglish squat\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"out\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁éǵʰ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adverbial\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-s\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁éǵʰs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*eks\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ex\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ex-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"es-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"participle\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to force, compel\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"co-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"with\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"with\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"beside\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"here\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱe\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱóm\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kom\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kom-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"con-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"lead, drive, impel, push\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"drive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"be driving\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"drive\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂eǵ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂éǵeti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*agō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"agō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"cōgō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"coāctus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"quatir\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"esquatir\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"squatten\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"squat\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"short\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"squat\" id=\"English:_short\">"
},
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"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "squatten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English squatten"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "esquatir"
},
"expansion": "Old French esquatir"
},
{
"name": "uder",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "*coactire",
"4": "",
"5": "press together, force"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *coactire (“press together, force”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "coāctus"
},
"expansion": "Latin coāctus"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "synchronically"
},
"expansion": "synchronically"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "clipping"
},
"expansion": "clipping"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "diachronically"
},
"expansion": "diachronically"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:squatten<ety:der<fro:esquatir<ety:af<es-><quatir>>>>",
"id": "short",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nOld French es-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin co-\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti\nProto-Italic *agō\nLatin agō\nLatin cōgō\nLatin coāctusder.\nOld French quatir\nOld French esquatirder.\nMiddle English squatten\nEnglish squat"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*h₁éǵʰ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁éǵʰ"
],
[
"*-s",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-s#Proto-Indo-European:_adverbial"
],
[
"*h₁éǵʰs",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁éǵʰs"
],
[
"*eks",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/eks"
],
[
"ex",
"ex#Latin:_out"
],
[
"ex-",
"ex-#Latin"
],
[
"es-",
"es-#Old_French"
],
[
"*ḱe",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱe#Proto-Indo-European:_here"
],
[
"*ḱóm",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱóm#Proto-Indo-European:_beside"
],
[
"*kom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kom#Proto-Italic:_with"
],
[
"*kom-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kom-#Proto-Italic:_with"
],
[
"co-",
"con-#Latin"
],
[
"*h₂eǵ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eǵ-#Proto-Indo-European:_drive"
],
[
"*-eti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eti"
],
[
"*h₂éǵeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éǵeti#Proto-Indo-European:_be_driving"
],
[
"*agō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/agō#Proto-Italic:_drive"
],
[
"agō",
"ago#Latin"
],
[
"cōgō",
"cogo#Latin"
],
[
"coāctus",
"coactus#Latin:_participle"
],
[
"quatir",
"quatir#Old_French"
],
[
"esquatir",
"esquatir#Old_French"
],
[
"squatten",
"squatten#Middle_English"
],
[
"squatten",
"squatten#Middle_English"
],
[
"esquatir",
"esquatir#Old_French"
],
[
"escatir",
"escatir#Old_French"
],
[
"es-",
"es-#Old_French"
],
[
"quatir",
"quatir#Old_French"
],
[
"*coactire",
"Reconstruction:Latin/coactire"
],
[
"coāctus",
"coactus#Latin"
],
[
"cōgō",
"cogo#Latin"
],
[
"diddly-squat",
"diddly-squat#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To bend deeply at the knees while resting on one's feet.",
"To exercise by bending deeply at the knees and then rising, while bearing weight across the shoulders or upper back.",
"To lift (a barbell) while performing a squat",
"To occupy or reside in a place without the permission of the owner."
],
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{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Relatively short or low, and thick or broad.",
"Sitting on one's heels; sitting close to the ground; cowering or crouching."
],
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