Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo strip (someone who has been killed or defeated) of arms or armour. · To strip or deprive (someone) of possessions; to rob, despoil. · To plunder, pillage (a city, country etc.). · To carry off (goods) by force; to steal.
Etymology tree Latin spolium Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin spoliāre Old French espoillierbor. Middle English spoilen English spoil From Middle English spoilen, spuylen, borrowed from Old French espoillier, espollier, espuler, from Latin spoliō, spoliāre (“pillage, ruin, spoil”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionspoilenenm
- Derivation mentionespoillierfro
- Derivation mentionspoliōla · pillage, ruin, spoil
This page abbreviates 7 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:spoilen<ety:bor<fro:espoillier>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin spolium\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin spoliāre\nOld French espoillierbor.\nMiddle English spoilen\nEnglish spoil\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"spoliāre\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"skin, hide, fell\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spolium\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spoliō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"espoillier\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"spoilen\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"spoil\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"spoil\">"
},
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"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "spoilen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English spoilen"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "espoillier"
},
"expansion": "Old French espoillier"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "spoliō",
"4": "spoliō, spoliāre",
"t": "pillage, ruin, spoil"
},
"expansion": "Latin spoliō, spoliāre (“pillage, ruin, spoil”)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:spoilen<ety:bor<fro:espoillier>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin spolium\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin spoliāre\nOld French espoillierbor.\nMiddle English spoilen\nEnglish spoil"
}
],
"links": [
[
"spolium",
"spolium#Latin"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
"*-eh₂yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
],
[
"*-āō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"spoliāre",
"spolio#Latin"
],
[
"espoillier",
"espoillier#Old_French"
],
[
"spoilen",
"spoilen#Middle_English"
],
[
"spoilen",
"spoilen#Middle_English"
],
[
"spuylen",
"spuylen#Middle_English"
],
[
"espoillier",
"espoillier#Old_French"
],
[
"espollier",
"espollier#Old_French"
],
[
"espuler",
"espuler#Old_French"
],
[
"spoliō, spoliāre",
"spolio#Latin"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Antigua and Barbuda Creole English",
"lang_code": "aig",
"word": "pwail"
},
{
"lang": "Cameroon Pidgin",
"lang_code": "wes",
"word": "spɔ́jl"
},
{
"lang": "Cameroon Pidgin",
"lang_code": "wes",
"word": "sipɔ́jl"
},
{
"lang": "Jamaican Creole",
"lang_code": "jam",
"word": "pwail"
},
{
"lang": "Krio",
"lang_code": "kri",
"word": "pwɛl"
},
{
"lang": "Krio",
"lang_code": "kri",
"word": "pwɔjl"
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "pori",
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aukan",
"lang_code": "djk",
"word": "póli"
},
{
"lang": "Saramaccan",
"lang_code": "srm",
"word": "pói"
}
]
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "poli",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aukan",
"lang_code": "djk",
"word": "póli"
},
{
"lang": "Saramaccan",
"lang_code": "srm",
"word": "pói"
}
]
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "sbwylio",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To strip (someone who has been killed or defeated) of arms or armour.",
"To strip or deprive (someone) of possessions; to rob, despoil.",
"To plunder, pillage (a city, country etc.).",
"To carry off (goods) by force; to steal."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive",
"ambitransitive",
"obsolete"
],
"recordId": "dfcc8fb938a6ff983c0f6c4fd0fb8842cf3c496cfd05afe7b000ca0945bdffe5",
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 34929
}
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"lexicalSenses": 7,
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}