*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of spoke

From Middle English spoke, from Old English spāca, from Proto-West Germanic *spaikā, from Proto-Germanic *spaikō. Compare Scots spaik (“spoke”), Dutch spaak and English spike.

2 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 2 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
verb

To furnish (a wheel) with spokes.

noun

A support structure that connects the axle or the hub of a wheel to the rim. · A projecting handle of a steering wheel. · A rung of a ladder. · A stick inserted into the wheel of a vehicle to keep the wheel from turning.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English spoke, from Old English spāca, from Proto-West Germanic *spaikā, from Proto-Germanic *spaikō. Compare Scots spaik (“spoke”), Dutch spaak and English spike.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Root classification mention*spey-ine-pro
  • Inherited-form mentionspokeenm
  • Inherited-form mentionspācaang
  • Inherited-form mention*spaikāgmw-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*spaikōgem-pro
  • Cognate mentionspaiksco
  • Cognate mentionspaaknl

This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*spey-"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "spoke"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English spoke"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "spāca"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English spāca"
    },
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      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *spaikō"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "spaik",
        "3": "",
        "4": "spoke"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots spaik (“spoke”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "spaak"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch spaak"
    },
    {
      "name": "m+",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "spike"
      },
      "expansion": "English spike"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "spoke",
      "spoke#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "spāca",
      "spaca#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*spaikā",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/spaikā"
    ],
    [
      "*spaikō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spaikō"
    ],
    [
      "spaik",
      "spaik#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "spaak",
      "spaak#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "spike",
      "spike#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
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      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To furnish (a wheel) with spokes."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
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        "A rung of a ladder.",
        "A stick inserted into the wheel of a vehicle to keep the wheel from turning."
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Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
verb

simple past of speak · past participle of speak

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English speke, spake, spoke, spak, spek, speken, spoken, from Old English spæc, specen.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "simple past of speak",
        "past participle of speak"
      ],
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Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for spoke →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-c3Bva2U