Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗verb
To pay out (money). · To bestow; to employ; often with on or upon. · To squander. · To exhaust, to wear out.
noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryAmount of money spent (during a period); expenditure. · Expenditures; money or pocket money. · Discharged semen. · Vaginal discharge.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs Proto-Italic *eks Latin ex Latin ex- Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- Proto-Indo-European *(s)péndeti Proto-Italic *pendō Latin pendō Latin expendōbor. Proto-West Germanic *spendōn Old English spendan Middle English spenden English spend From Middle English spenden, from Old English spendan (attested especially in compounds āspendan (“to spend”), forspendan (“to use up, consume”)), from Proto-West Germanic *spendōn (“to spend”), borrowed from Latin expendere (“to weigh out”). Doublet of expend. Cognate with Old High German spentōn (“to consume, use, spend”) (whence German spenden (“to donate, provide”)), Middle Dutch spenden (“to spend, dedicate”), Old Icelandic spenna (“to spend”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 5 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:spenden",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)pend-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)péndeti\nProto-Italic *pendō\nLatin pendō\nLatin expendōbor.\nProto-West Germanic *spendōn\nOld English spendan\nMiddle English spenden\nEnglish spend\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"out\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁éǵʰ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adverbial\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-s\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁éǵʰs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*eks\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ex\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ex-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"weigh, weigh out\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)pend-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)péndeti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"stretch\", \"pos\" : \"root\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)pend-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"root\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*pendō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pendō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"expendō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*spendōn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"spendan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"spenden\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"spend\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"spend\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "spenden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English spenden"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "spendan"
},
"expansion": "Old English spendan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*spendōn",
"t": "to spend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *spendōn (“to spend”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "expendere",
"4": "",
"5": "to weigh out"
},
"expansion": "Latin expendere (“to weigh out”)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "expend"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of expend"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "spentōn",
"3": "",
"4": "to consume, use, spend"
},
"expansion": "Old High German spentōn (“to consume, use, spend”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "spenden",
"3": "",
"4": "to donate, provide"
},
"expansion": "German spenden (“to donate, provide”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "spenna",
"3": "",
"4": "to spend"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic spenna (“to spend”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:spenden",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)pend-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)péndeti\nProto-Italic *pendō\nLatin pendō\nLatin expendōbor.\nProto-West Germanic *spendōn\nOld English spendan\nMiddle English spenden\nEnglish spend"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*h₁éǵʰ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁éǵʰ"
],
[
"*-s",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-s#Proto-Indo-European:_adverbial"
],
[
"*h₁éǵʰs",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁éǵʰs"
],
[
"*eks",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/eks"
],
[
"ex",
"ex#Latin:_out"
],
[
"ex-",
"ex-#Latin"
],
[
"*(s)pend-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)pend-"
],
[
"*(s)péndeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)péndeti"
],
[
"*pendō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/pendō"
],
[
"pendō",
"pendo#Latin"
],
[
"expendō",
"expendo#Latin"
],
[
"*spendōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/spendōn"
],
[
"spendan",
"spendan#Old_English"
],
[
"spenden",
"spenden#Middle_English"
],
[
"spenden",
"spenden#Middle_English"
],
[
"spendan",
"spendan#Old_English"
],
[
"āspendan",
"aspendan#Old_English"
],
[
"forspendan",
"forspendan#Old_English"
],
[
"*spendōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/spendōn"
],
[
"expendere",
"expendere#Latin"
],
[
"expend",
"expend#English"
],
[
"spentōn",
"spenton#Old_High_German"
],
[
"spenden",
"spenden#German"
],
[
"spenden",
"spenden#Dutch"
],
[
"spenna",
"spenna#Icelandic"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To pay out (money).",
"To bestow; to employ; often with on or upon.",
"To squander.",
"To exhaust, to wear out."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive",
"dated"
],
"recordId": "17c088c969475c50f925ab58869372f8254eeb5bd213f2f016da9d48e9a8d95c",
"rawRecordSha256": "e24ba47f436013ca93db1e6dcf4c87d5a8ae47e5c8496b034e6c89fcf37bfd91",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 34847
},
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Amount of money spent (during a period); expenditure.",
"Expenditures; money or pocket money.",
"Discharged semen.",
"Vaginal discharge."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable",
"in-plural"
],
"recordId": "8aa2644c30914d1589658d519f4a023f887fd8c2f13a6d25711c5b10783bada7",
"rawRecordSha256": "1b26bc35937e8646d2e9a9d32123b47cef4d8f41176e2b41e7eead5e88a8c154",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 34848
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 5,
"glosses": 0
}
}