Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗The state of moving quickly or the capacity for rapid motion. · The rate of motion or action, specifically the magnitude of the velocity; the rate distance is traversed in a given time. · The sensitivity to light of film, plates or sensor. · The duration of exposure, the time during which a camera shutter is open (shutter speed).
From Middle English sped (“prosperity, good luck, quickness, success”), from Old English spēd (“success”), from Proto-West Germanic *spōdi (“prosperity, success”), from Proto-West Germanic *spōan, from Proto-Germanic *spōaną (“to prosper, succeed, be happy”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, turn out well”). Cognate with Scots spede, speid (“success, quickness, speed”), Dutch spoed (“haste; speed”), German Low German Spood (“haste; speed; eagerness; success”), German Sput (“progress, acceleration, haste”). Related also to Old English spōwan (“to be successful, succeed”), Albanian shpejt (“to speed, to hurry”) and Russian спеши́ть (spešítʹ, “to hurry”), Latin spēs (“hope, expectation”), spērō (“hope”, verb), perhaps also to Ancient Greek σπεύδω (speúdō, “to urge on, hasten, press on”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*speh₁-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionspedenm
- Inherited-form mentionspēdang
- Inherited-form mention*spōdigmw-pro
- Derivation mention*spōangmw-pro
- Derivation mention*spōanągem-pro
- Derivation mention*speh₁-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionspedesco
- Cognate mentionspoednl
- Cognate mentionSputde
- Cognate mentionspōwanang
- Cognate mentionshpejtsq
- Cognate mentionспеши́тьru
- Cognate mentionspēsla
- Cognate mentionσπεύδωgrc
This page abbreviates 6 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*speh₁-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sped",
"4": "",
"5": "prosperity, good luck, quickness, success"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sped (“prosperity, good luck, quickness, success”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "spēd",
"4": "",
"5": "success"
},
"expansion": "Old English spēd (“success”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*spōdi",
"4": "",
"5": "prosperity, success"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *spōdi (“prosperity, success”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*spōan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *spōan"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*spōaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to prosper, succeed, be happy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *spōaną (“to prosper, succeed, be happy”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*speh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to prosper, turn out well"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, turn out well”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "spede"
},
"expansion": "Scots spede"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "spoed",
"3": "",
"4": "haste; speed"
},
"expansion": "Dutch spoed (“haste; speed”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Spood",
"3": "",
"4": "haste; speed; eagerness; success"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Spood (“haste; speed; eagerness; success”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Sput",
"3": "",
"4": "progress, acceleration, haste"
},
"expansion": "German Sput (“progress, acceleration, haste”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "spōwan",
"3": "",
"4": "to be successful, succeed"
},
"expansion": "Old English spōwan (“to be successful, succeed”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shpejt",
"3": "",
"4": "to speed, to hurry"
},
"expansion": "Albanian shpejt (“to speed, to hurry”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "спеши́ть",
"3": "",
"4": "to hurry"
},
"expansion": "Russian спеши́ть (spešítʹ, “to hurry”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "spēs",
"3": "",
"4": "hope, expectation"
},
"expansion": "Latin spēs (“hope, expectation”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σπεύδω",
"3": "",
"4": "to urge on, hasten, press on"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σπεύδω (speúdō, “to urge on, hasten, press on”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"sped",
"sped#Middle_English"
],
[
"spēd",
"sped#Old_English"
],
[
"*spōdi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/spōdi"
],
[
"*spōan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/spōan"
],
[
"*spōaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spōaną"
],
[
"*speh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/speh₁-"
],
[
"spede",
"spede#Scots"
],
[
"speid",
"speid#Scots"
],
[
"spoed",
"spoed#Dutch"
],
[
"Spood",
"Spood#Low_German"
],
[
"Sput",
"Sput#German"
],
[
"spōwan",
"spowan#Old_English"
],
[
"shpejt",
"shpejt#Albanian"
],
[
"спеши́ть",
"спешить#Russian"
],
[
"spēs",
"spes#Latin"
],
[
"spērō",
"spero#Latin"
],
[
"σπεύδω",
"σπεύδω#Ancient_Greek"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"word": "spit"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "speed",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "speed",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"word": "spiidi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Speed",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"word": "speed",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "spítt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"word": "спид",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "spid"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "spid",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Ternate",
"lang_code": "tft",
"word": "spit",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"The state of moving quickly or the capacity for rapid motion.",
"The rate of motion or action, specifically the magnitude of the velocity; the rate distance is traversed in a given time.",
"The sensitivity to light of film, plates or sensor.",
"The duration of exposure, the time during which a camera shutter is open (shutter speed)."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"recordId": "4125b3bdbe1f1f8ff772de31fe0272d65d5a36c727788d3e72819bdc5f8af86a",
"rawRecordSha256": "cc967c84cc7a223e4572536cf3e62f46238919553683135d7bd65aa5d6dcf0cd",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 34831
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 6,
"glosses": 0
}
}