Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗a low class bar, a speakeasy.
To communicate with one's voice, to say words out loud. · To have a conversation. · To communicate or converse by some means other than orally, such as writing or facial expressions. · To deliver a message to a group; to deliver a speech.
Language, jargon, or terminology used uniquely in a particular environment or group. · Speech, conversation. · Clipping of speaker point.
From Middle English speke, speken (“to speak”), from Old English specan (“to speak”). This is usually taken to be an irregular alteration of earlier sprecan, spreocan (“to speak”), from Proto-West Germanic *sprekan, from Proto-Germanic *sprekaną (“to speak, make a sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *spreg- (“to make a sound, utter, speak”). Finding this proposed loss of r from the stable cluster spr unparalleled, Hill instead sets up a different root, Proto-West Germanic *spekan (“to negotiate”) from Proto-Indo-European *bʰégʾ-e- (“to distribute”) with *s-mobile, which collapsed in meaning with *sprekan ("to speak" < "to crackle, prattle") and so came to be seen as a free variant thereof. Cognates Cognate with Scots speak, speik (“to speak”), Saterland Frisian spreke (“to speak”), West Frisian sprekke (“to speak”), Central Franconian sjprèche (“to speak”), Dutch and Low German spreken (“to speak”), German sprechen (“to speak”), Luxembourgish spriechen (“to speak”), and also with Albanian shpreh (“to express, manifest, show”) through Indo-European.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionspekeenm
- Inherited-form mentionspecanang · to speak
- Inherited-form mention*sprekangmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*sprekanągem-pro · to speak, make a sound
- Derivation mention*spreg-ine-pro · to make a sound, utter, speak
- Inherited-form mention*spekangmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*bʰeh₂g-ine-pro · to distribute
- Cognate mentionspeaksco
- Cognate mentionsprekestq · to speak
- Cognate mentionsprekkefy · to speak
- Cognate mentionsjprèchegmw-cfr · to speak
- Cognate mentionsprechende · to speak
- Cognate mentionspriechenlb · to speak
- Cognate mentionshprehsq · to express, manifest, show
This page abbreviates 8 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
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"expansion": "Middle English speke"
},
{
"name": "inh",
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"3": "specan",
"t": "to speak"
},
"expansion": "Old English specan (“to speak”)"
},
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},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *spekan (“to negotiate”)"
},
{
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰégʾ-e- (“to distribute”)"
},
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"expansion": "Scots speak"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
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"t": "to speak"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian spreke (“to speak”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
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"t": "to speak"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian sprekke (“to speak”)"
},
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"expansion": "Central Franconian sjprèche (“to speak”)"
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},
{
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"t": "to speak"
},
"expansion": "German sprechen (“to speak”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
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"2": "spriechen",
"t": "to speak"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish spriechen (“to speak”)"
},
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"2": "shpreh",
"t": "to express, manifest, show"
},
"expansion": "Albanian shpreh (“to express, manifest, show”)"
}
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