*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of spar

From Middle English sparre (“spar, rafter, beam”) (noun), sparren (“to close, bar”) (verb), from Middle Dutch sparre or Middle Low German Sparre, all ultimately from Proto-Germanic *sparrô (“stake, beam”), from Proto-Ind

3 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 3 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
verb

To bolt, bar. · To supply or equip (a vessel) with spars.

noun

A rafter of a roof. · A thick pole or piece of wood. · A bar of wood used to fasten a door. · Any linear object used as a mast, sprit, yard, boom, pole or gaff.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English sparre (“spar, rafter, beam”) (noun), sparren (“to close, bar”) (verb), from Middle Dutch sparre or Middle Low German Sparre, all ultimately from Proto-Germanic *sparrô (“stake, beam”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)par- (“beam, log”). Compare Dutch spar (“balk”), German Sparren (“rafter, spar”), Danish sparre (“spar”), Albanian shparr, shpardh (“kind of oak”). Perhaps also compare spear.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "dercat",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "frk",
        "4": "osx"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "sparre",
        "4": "",
        "5": "spar, rafter, beam"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English sparre (“spar, rafter, beam”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "sparre"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch sparre"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "Sparre"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German Sparre"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*sparrô",
        "4": "",
        "5": "stake, beam"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sparrô (“stake, beam”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)par-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "beam, log"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)par- (“beam, log”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "spar",
        "3": "",
        "4": "balk"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch spar (“balk”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Sparren",
        "3": "",
        "4": "rafter, spar"
      },
      "expansion": "German Sparren (“rafter, spar”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "sparre",
        "3": "",
        "4": "spar"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish sparre (“spar”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "shparr"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian shparr"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "sparre",
      "sparre#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "sparren",
      "sparren#Middle_English:_to_close"
    ],
    [
      "sparre",
      "sparre#Middle_Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "Sparre",
      "Sparre#Middle_Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "*sparrô",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sparrô"
    ],
    [
      "*(s)par-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)par-"
    ],
    [
      "spar",
      "spar#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "Sparren",
      "Sparren#German"
    ],
    [
      "sparre",
      "sparre#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "shparr",
      "shparr#Albanian"
    ],
    [
      "shpardh",
      "shpardh#Albanian"
    ],
    [
      "spear",
      "spear#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To bolt, bar.",
        "To supply or equip (a vessel) with spars."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "recordId": "04d7d92e1e567f8cbeb2a883b2fbc76fd63f26f422b4985ca14a2e746d88a586",
      "rawRecordSha256": "7eea7c903d87880fe0cf9fbffb57717c94b6dcacda2bf157a907cd3ef9702430",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 233632
    },
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A rafter of a roof.",
        "A thick pole or piece of wood.",
        "A bar of wood used to fasten a door.",
        "Any linear object used as a mast, sprit, yard, boom, pole or gaff."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "recordId": "408c358992e4c7c8b8602c276a17fc7c95f13cd0cbf072a658a15c1ab03816a5",
      "rawRecordSha256": "2a1c99a112565ccfadbb131654dbb9a4d44b550d02af045267e552902a7c75b4",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 233631
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 1,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
noun

A sparring session; a preliminary fight, as in boxing or cock-fighting. · A friend, a mate, a pal.

verb

To fight, especially as practice for martial arts or hand-to-hand combat. · To strike with the feet or spurs, as cocks do. · To contest in words; to wrangle.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English sparren (“to dart out; to strike out”), from Old English sperran, spirran, spyrran (“to strike, strike out at, spar”), related to Low German sparre (“a struggling, striving”), German sich sperren (“to struggle, resist, oppose”), Icelandic sperrast (“to kick out at, thrust, struggle”). The slang sense of friend is probably from the phrase sparring partner under the influence of the similar slang words par and star.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "sparren",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to dart out; to strike out",
        "id": "to dart out"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English sparren (“to dart out; to strike out”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sperran"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sperran"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "sparre",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a struggling, striving"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German sparre (“a struggling, striving”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "sich sperren",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to struggle, resist, oppose"
      },
      "expansion": "German sich sperren (“to struggle, resist, oppose”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "sperrast",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to kick out at, thrust, struggle"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic sperrast (“to kick out at, thrust, struggle”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "sparren",
      "sparren#Middle_English:_to_dart_out"
    ],
    [
      "sperran",
      "sperran#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "spirran",
      "spirran#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "spyrran",
      "spyrran#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "sparre",
      "sparre#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "sich sperren",
      "sich sperren#German"
    ],
    [
      "sperrast",
      "sperrast#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "friend",
      "friend"
    ],
    [
      "sparring",
      "sparring"
    ],
    [
      "partner",
      "partner"
    ],
    [
      "par",
      "par"
    ],
    [
      "star",
      "star"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A sparring session; a preliminary fight, as in boxing or cock-fighting.",
        "A friend, a mate, a pal."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Multicultural-London-English"
      ],
      "recordId": "3c66dbc647374a01a16dc681ca784bbe493ddff9007395d5d5e42fd347054379",
      "rawRecordSha256": "852c2a41d8f6c65666da7252e3b5e2f10c81ab776ecf7bac1d46411691c2db8b",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 233634
    },
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To fight, especially as practice for martial arts or hand-to-hand combat.",
        "To strike with the feet or spurs, as cocks do.",
        "To contest in words; to wrangle."
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "recordId": "b0a12ec09e9fc11268e1d27e3e28947471edf4d6b44a8ca7f180bf9107cf541d",
      "rawRecordSha256": "03eccfbcc652a3417c9f77b4180c76a0410fa53f206c0e0e864eb38a33b2c590",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 233633
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗
noun

Any of various microcrystalline minerals, of light, translucent, or transparent appearance, which are easily cleft. · Any crystal with readily discernible faces.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Middle Low German sparder. Old English spærstān Middle English sparston English sparstonebf. English spar From Middle Low German spar, sper (“spar”); or from a backformation of sparstone (“spar”), from Middle English sparston (“gypsum, chalk”), from Old English spærstān (“gypsum”). Related to German Sparkalk (“plaster”), Old English spæren (“of plaster, of mortar”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":der",
        "3": "gml:spar",
        "4": ":bf",
        "5": "sparstone",
        "id": "mineral",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nMiddle Low German sparder.\nOld English spærstān\nMiddle English sparston\nEnglish sparstonebf.\nEnglish spar\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Low German\", \"term\" : \"spar\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gml\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bf.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Back-formation from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"spærstān\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"sparston\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"sparstone\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"back-formation\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"spar\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"mineral\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"spar\" id=\"English:_mineral\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "dercat",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "spar"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German spar"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "sparston",
        "4": "",
        "5": "gypsum, chalk"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English sparston (“gypsum, chalk”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "spærstān",
        "4": "",
        "5": "gypsum"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English spærstān (“gypsum”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Sparkalk",
        "3": "",
        "4": "plaster"
      },
      "expansion": "German Sparkalk (“plaster”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "spæren",
        "3": "",
        "4": "of plaster, of mortar"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English spæren (“of plaster, of mortar”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":der",
        "3": "gml:spar",
        "4": ":bf",
        "5": "sparstone",
        "id": "mineral",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nMiddle Low German sparder.\nOld English spærstān\nMiddle English sparston\nEnglish sparstonebf.\nEnglish spar"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "spar",
      "spar#Middle_Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "spærstān",
      "spærstan#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "sparston",
      "sparston#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "sparstone",
      "sparstone#English"
    ],
    [
      "spar",
      "spar#Middle_Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "sper",
      "sper#Middle_Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "sparstone",
      "sparstone#English"
    ],
    [
      "sparston",
      "sparston#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "spærstān",
      "spærstan#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "Sparkalk",
      "Sparkalk#German"
    ],
    [
      "spæren",
      "spæren#Old_English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "word": "sparra",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "lang_code": "cy",
      "word": "sbar",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various microcrystalline minerals, of light, translucent, or transparent appearance, which are easily cleft.",
        "Any crystal with readily discernible faces."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "recordId": "b526b0916ec8ed5ee66b6d32c930103e3bd4c016ef12f796018d1984f037ea38",
      "rawRecordSha256": "67215e3075a66adb0971a7db7aebe1b2f6e709499c21035d9843d27e8e5741fc",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 233635
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for spar →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-c3Bhcg