Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA violation of divine will or religious law. · Sinfulness, depravity, iniquity. · A misdeed or wrong. · A sin offering; a sacrifice for sin.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-der. Proto-Germanic *sunjō Proto-West Germanic *sunnju Old English synn Middle English synne English sin From Middle English synne, sinne, from Old English synn (“sin”), from Proto-West Germanic *sunnju, from Proto-Germanic *sunjō (“truth, excuse”) and *sundī, *sundijō (“sin”), from , from *h₁sónts ("being, true", implying a verdict of "truly guilty" against an accusation or charge), from *h₁es- (“to be”); compare Old English sōþ ("true"; see sooth). Doublet of suttee. Cognates Cognate with Saterland Frisian Sände, Säände (“sin”), West Frisian sûnde (“sin”), German Sünde (“sin”), Luxembourgish Sënd, Sënn (“sin”), Vilamovian zynd (“sin”) Yiddish זינד (zind, “sin”), Danish, Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish synd (“sin”), Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰 (sunja, “truth”), Latin sont-, sons (“sinful, guilty, criminal”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*h₁es-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionsynneenm
- Inherited-form mentionsynnang
- Inherited-form mention*sunnjugmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*sunjōgem-pro
- Cognate mentionsoþang
- Doublet mentionsutteeen
- Cognate mentionSändestq
- Cognate mentionsûndefy
- Cognate mentionSündede
- Cognate mentionSëndlb
- Cognate mentionzyndwym
- Cognate mentionזינדyi
- Cognate mentionsyndsv
- Cognate mention𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰got
- Cognate mentionsonsla
This page abbreviates 3 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁es-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:synne",
"id": "noun",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-der.\nProto-Germanic *sunjō\nProto-West Germanic *sunnju\nOld English synn\nMiddle English synne\nEnglish sin\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁es-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sunjō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sunnju\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"synn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"synne\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"sin\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"noun\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"sin\" id=\"English:_noun\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "synne"
},
"expansion": "Middle English synne"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "synn",
"4": "",
"5": "sin"
},
"expansion": "Old English synn (“sin”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sunnju"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sunnju"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sunjō",
"4": "",
"5": "truth, excuse"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sunjō (“truth, excuse”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₁s-ónt-ih₂"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "gloss",
"args": {
"1": "\"being, true\", implying a verdict of \"truly guilty\" against an accusation or charge"
},
"expansion": "(\"being, true\", implying a verdict of \"truly guilty\" against an accusation or charge)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "soþ",
"3": "sōþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English sōþ"
},
{
"name": "gloss",
"args": {
"1": "\"true\"; see sooth"
},
"expansion": "(\"true\"; see sooth)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suttee"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of suttee"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Sände"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Sände"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "sûnde",
"3": "",
"4": "sin"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian sûnde (“sin”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Sünde",
"3": "",
"4": "sin"
},
"expansion": "German Sünde (“sin”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Sënd"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish Sënd"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "zynd",
"3": "",
"4": "sin"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian zynd (“sin”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "זינד",
"3": "",
"4": "sin"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish זינד (zind, “sin”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Faroese"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "synd",
"3": "",
"4": "sin"
},
"expansion": "Swedish synd (“sin”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰",
"3": "",
"4": "truth"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰 (sunja, “truth”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sons",
"3": "sont-"
},
"expansion": "Latin sont-"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:synne",
"id": "noun",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-der.\nProto-Germanic *sunjō\nProto-West Germanic *sunnju\nOld English synn\nMiddle English synne\nEnglish sin"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*h₁es-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁es-"
],
[
"*sunjō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sunjō"
],
[
"*sunnju",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sunnju"
],
[
"synn",
"synn#Old_English"
],
[
"synne",
"synne#Middle_English"
],
[
"synne",
"synne#Middle_English"
],
[
"sinne",
"sinne#Middle_English"
],
[
"synn",
"synn#Old_English"
],
[
"*sunnju",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sunnju"
],
[
"*sunjō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sunjō"
],
[
"*sundī",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sundī"
],
[
"*sundijō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sundijō"
],
[
"*h₁sónts",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁sónts"
],
[
"*h₁es-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁es-"
],
[
"sōþ",
"soþ#Old_English"
],
[
"sooth",
"sooth#English"
],
[
"suttee",
"suttee#English"
],
[
"Sände",
"Sände#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"Säände",
"Säände#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"sûnde",
"sûnde#West_Frisian"
],
[
"Sünde",
"Sünde#German"
],
[
"Sënd",
"Sënd#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"Sënn",
"Sënn#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"zynd",
"zynd#Vilamovian"
],
[
"זינד",
"זינד#Yiddish"
],
[
"synd",
"synd#Swedish"
],
[
"𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰",
"𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰#Gothic"
],
[
"sont-",
"sons#Latin"
],
[
"sons",
"sons#Latin"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A violation of divine will or religious law.",
"Sinfulness, depravity, iniquity.",
"A misdeed or wrong.",
"A sin offering; a sacrifice for sin."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"error-lua-exec",
"uncountable"
],
"recordId": "e5d7685618c6a2eed01126af98cc3f1d1ea6cb88ce1103e897324fc9c201a5fe",
"rawRecordSha256": "60f170b84a7e68bb71aa9a80ad7881d0d580cc398050f09a0a687dfc1345f05b",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 33229
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 3,
"glosses": 0
}
}