Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗adj
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryIn poor health; ill. · [with with] Afflicted by (a specific condition, usually medical). · Having an urge to vomit. · Mentally unstable, disturbed.
Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *seukaną Proto-Germanic *seukaz Proto-West Germanic *seuk Old English sēoc Old English sēc Middle English sik English sick From Middle English sik, sike, seek, seke, seok, from Old English sēoc (“sick, ill”), from Proto-West Germanic *seuk, from Proto-Germanic *seukaz, from Proto-Indo-European *sewg- (“to be troubled or grieved”). See also West Frisian siik, Dutch ziek, German siech, Norwegian Bokmål syk, Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish sjuk, Danish syg; also Middle Irish socht (“silence, depression”), Old Armenian հիւծանիմ (hiwcanim, “to be weakening”). The "very good, excellent" sense is an ameliorative semantic shift from the original sense of "in poor health". Compare similar semantic development in terrific and wicked.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionsikenm
- Inherited-form mentionsēocang · sick, ill
- Inherited-form mention*seukgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*seukazgem-pro
- Derivation mention*sewg-ine-pro · to be troubled or grieved
- Cognate mentionsiikfy
- Cognate mentionzieknl
- Cognate mentionsiechde
- Cognate mentionsyknb
- Cognate mentionsygda
- Cognate mentionsochtmga · silence, depression
- Cognate mentionհիւծանիմxcl · to be weakening
This page abbreviates 5 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:sik",
"id": "ill",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *seukaną\nProto-Germanic *seukaz\nProto-West Germanic *seuk\nOld English sēoc\nOld English sēc\nMiddle English sik\nEnglish sick\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*seuk\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"sēoc\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"sēc\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"sik\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"sick\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"ill\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"sick\" id=\"English:_ill\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sik"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sik"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sēoc",
"t": "sick, ill"
},
"expansion": "Old English sēoc (“sick, ill”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*seuk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *seuk"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*seukaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *seukaz"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sewg-",
"t": "to be troubled or grieved"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sewg- (“to be troubled or grieved”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "siik"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian siik"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ziek"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ziek"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "siech"
},
"expansion": "German siech"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "syk"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål syk"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn,sv",
"2": "sjuk"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish sjuk"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "syg"
},
"expansion": "Danish syg"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "socht",
"t": "silence, depression"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish socht (“silence, depression”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "հիւծանիմ",
"t": "to be weakening"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian հիւծանիմ (hiwcanim, “to be weakening”)"
},
{
"name": "ss",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"type": "a"
},
"expansion": "ameliorative semantic shift"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:sik",
"id": "ill",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *seukaną\nProto-Germanic *seukaz\nProto-West Germanic *seuk\nOld English sēoc\nOld English sēc\nMiddle English sik\nEnglish sick"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*seukaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/seukaną"
],
[
"*seukaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/seukaz"
],
[
"*seuk",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/seuk"
],
[
"sēoc",
"seoc#Old_English"
],
[
"sēc",
"sec#Old_English"
],
[
"sik",
"sik#Middle_English"
],
[
"sik",
"sik#Middle_English"
],
[
"sike",
"sike#Middle_English"
],
[
"seek",
"seek#Middle_English"
],
[
"seke",
"seke#Middle_English"
],
[
"seok",
"seok#Middle_English"
],
[
"sēoc",
"seoc#Old_English"
],
[
"*seuk",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/seuk"
],
[
"*seukaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/seukaz"
],
[
"*sewg-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sewg-"
],
[
"siik",
"siik#West_Frisian"
],
[
"ziek",
"ziek#Dutch"
],
[
"siech",
"siech#German"
],
[
"syk",
"syk#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sjuk#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"sjuk",
"sjuk#Swedish"
],
[
"syg",
"syg#Danish"
],
[
"socht",
"socht#Middle_Irish"
],
[
"հիւծանիմ",
"հիւծանիմ#Old_Armenian"
],
[
"terrific",
"terrific#English"
],
[
"wicked",
"wicked#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bislama",
"lang_code": "bi",
"word": "sik"
},
{
"lang": "Pijin",
"lang_code": "pis",
"word": "siki"
},
{
"lang": "Pijin",
"lang_code": "pis",
"word": "sik"
},
{
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"word": "sik"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "sick",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Navajo",
"lang_code": "nv",
"word": "sxih",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"word": "சீக்கு",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cīkku"
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"In poor health; ill.",
"[with with] Afflicted by (a specific condition, usually medical).",
"Having an urge to vomit.",
"Mentally unstable, disturbed."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"recordId": "3c521297e9a39c51a4ce8746ed002fb85bdcaa41bbe29f3d17a6d790a188584d",
"rawRecordSha256": "d7d3830e8129b90f558e5f1308d9b85531f5451eee03debac97bee47c5c67fec",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 157243
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 5,
"glosses": 0
}
}