*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of shop

Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *skup- Old English scoppa Middle English schoppe English shop From Middle English shoppe, schoppe, from Old English sċoppa (“shed; booth; stall; shop”), from Proto-Germanic *skupp-, *skup- (

3 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 3 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/3

Original entry ↗
intj

Used to attract the services of a shop assistant

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *skup- Old English scoppa Middle English schoppe English shop From Middle English shoppe, schoppe, from Old English sċoppa (“shed; booth; stall; shop”), from Proto-Germanic *skupp-, *skup- (“barn, shed”), from Proto-Indo-European *skub-, *skup- (“to bend, bow, curve, vault”). Cognate with Dutch schop (“shed”), German Schuppen (“shed”), German Schober (“barn”), French échoppe (“booth, shop”) (< Germanic). The verb is denominal. The noun senses “act of shopping”, “purchased items” are backformed from the verb.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionshoppeenm
  • Inherited-form mentionsċoppaang · shed; booth; stall; shop
  • Inherited-form mention*skupp-gem-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*skub-ine-pro
  • Cognate mentionschopnl · shed
  • Cognate mentionSchuppende · shed
  • Cognate mentionSchoberde · barn
  • Cognate mentionéchoppefr · booth, shop
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:schoppe",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *skup-\nOld English scoppa\nMiddle English schoppe\nEnglish shop\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"scoppa\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"schoppe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"shop\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"shop\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "shoppe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English shoppe"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sċoppa",
        "t": "shed; booth; stall; shop"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sċoppa (“shed; booth; stall; shop”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*skupp-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skupp-"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*skub-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skub-"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "schop",
        "t": "shed"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch schop (“shed”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Schuppen",
        "t": "shed"
      },
      "expansion": "German Schuppen (“shed”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Schober",
        "t": "barn"
      },
      "expansion": "German Schober (“barn”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "échoppe",
        "t": "booth, shop"
      },
      "expansion": "French échoppe (“booth, shop”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:schoppe",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *skup-\nOld English scoppa\nMiddle English schoppe\nEnglish shop"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*skup-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skup-"
    ],
    [
      "scoppa",
      "scoppa#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "schoppe",
      "schoppe#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "shoppe",
      "shoppe#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "schoppe",
      "schoppe#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "sċoppa",
      "scoppa#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*skupp-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skupp-"
    ],
    [
      "*skup-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skup-"
    ],
    [
      "*skub-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/skub-"
    ],
    [
      "*skup-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/skup-"
    ],
    [
      "schop",
      "schop#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "Schuppen",
      "Schuppen#German"
    ],
    [
      "Schober",
      "Schober#German"
    ],
    [
      "échoppe",
      "échoppe#French"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "intj",
      "glosses": [
        "Used to attract the services of a shop assistant"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated"
      ],
      "recordId": "45b87ea1a2f8f036196d2da2e4980123abe2269238e90560df0e06fec28a715b",
      "rawRecordSha256": "532d279c34676a04c4fd5e2b0ea81665407031852b2be1fc6c2a7143c3d60155",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 146664
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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    "lexicalSenses": 0,
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  }
}

Unnumbered source etymology · variant 2/3

Original entry ↗
verb

To visit stores or shops to browse or explore merchandise, especially with the intention of buying such merchandise. · To browse or purchase products from (a catalog, an internet website, etc.), mostly from home. · To report the criminal activities or whereabouts of someone to an authority. · To imprison.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *skup- Old English scoppa Middle English schoppe English shop From Middle English shoppe, schoppe, from Old English sċoppa (“shed; booth; stall; shop”), from Proto-Germanic *skupp-, *skup- (“barn, shed”), from Proto-Indo-European *skub-, *skup- (“to bend, bow, curve, vault”). Cognate with Dutch schop (“shed”), German Schuppen (“shed”), German Schober (“barn”), French échoppe (“booth, shop”) (< Germanic). The verb is denominal. The noun senses “act of shopping”, “purchased items” are backformed from the verb.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionshoppeenm
  • Inherited-form mentionsċoppaang · shed; booth; stall; shop
  • Inherited-form mention*skupp-gem-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*skub-ine-pro
  • Cognate mentionschopnl · shed
  • Cognate mentionSchuppende · shed
  • Cognate mentionSchoberde · barn
  • Cognate mentionéchoppefr · booth, shop

This page abbreviates 4 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:schoppe",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *skup-\nOld English scoppa\nMiddle English schoppe\nEnglish shop\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"scoppa\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"schoppe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"shop\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"shop\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "shoppe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English shoppe"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sċoppa",
        "t": "shed; booth; stall; shop"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sċoppa (“shed; booth; stall; shop”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*skupp-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skupp-"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*skub-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skub-"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "schop",
        "t": "shed"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch schop (“shed”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Schuppen",
        "t": "shed"
      },
      "expansion": "German Schuppen (“shed”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Schober",
        "t": "barn"
      },
      "expansion": "German Schober (“barn”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "échoppe",
        "t": "booth, shop"
      },
      "expansion": "French échoppe (“booth, shop”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:schoppe",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *skup-\nOld English scoppa\nMiddle English schoppe\nEnglish shop"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*skup-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skup-"
    ],
    [
      "scoppa",
      "scoppa#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "schoppe",
      "schoppe#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "shoppe",
      "shoppe#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "schoppe",
      "schoppe#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "sċoppa",
      "scoppa#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*skupp-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skupp-"
    ],
    [
      "*skup-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skup-"
    ],
    [
      "*skub-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/skub-"
    ],
    [
      "*skup-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/skup-"
    ],
    [
      "schop",
      "schop#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "Schuppen",
      "Schuppen#German"
    ],
    [
      "Schober",
      "Schober#German"
    ],
    [
      "échoppe",
      "échoppe#French"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Danish",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "word": "shoppe",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "word": "shoppen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "word": "shoppailla",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "word": "shoppen",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "word": "shoppa",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "lang_code": "cy",
      "word": "siopa",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To visit stores or shops to browse or explore merchandise, especially with the intention of buying such merchandise.",
        "To browse or purchase products from (a catalog, an internet website, etc.), mostly from home.",
        "To report the criminal activities or whereabouts of someone to an authority.",
        "To imprison."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive",
        "UK",
        "slang"
      ],
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  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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}

Unnumbered source etymology · variant 3/3

Original entry ↗
noun

An establishment that sells goods or services to the public; originally only a physical location, but now a virtual establishment as well. · A place where things are manufactured or crafted; a workshop. · A large garage where vehicle mechanics work. · Workplace; office. Used mainly in expressions such as shop talk, closed shop and shop floor.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *skup- Old English scoppa Middle English schoppe English shop From Middle English shoppe, schoppe, from Old English sċoppa (“shed; booth; stall; shop”), from Proto-Germanic *skupp-, *skup- (“barn, shed”), from Proto-Indo-European *skub-, *skup- (“to bend, bow, curve, vault”). Cognate with Dutch schop (“shed”), German Schuppen (“shed”), German Schober (“barn”), French échoppe (“booth, shop”) (< Germanic). The verb is denominal. The noun senses “act of shopping”, “purchased items” are backformed from the verb.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionshoppeenm
  • Inherited-form mentionsċoppaang · shed; booth; stall; shop
  • Inherited-form mention*skupp-gem-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*skub-ine-pro
  • Cognate mentionschopnl · shed
  • Cognate mentionSchuppende · shed
  • Cognate mentionSchoberde · barn
  • Cognate mentionéchoppefr · booth, shop

This page abbreviates 5 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:schoppe",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *skup-\nOld English scoppa\nMiddle English schoppe\nEnglish shop\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"scoppa\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"schoppe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"shop\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"shop\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "shoppe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English shoppe"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sċoppa",
        "t": "shed; booth; stall; shop"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sċoppa (“shed; booth; stall; shop”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*skupp-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skupp-"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*skub-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skub-"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "schop",
        "t": "shed"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch schop (“shed”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Schuppen",
        "t": "shed"
      },
      "expansion": "German Schuppen (“shed”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Schober",
        "t": "barn"
      },
      "expansion": "German Schober (“barn”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "échoppe",
        "t": "booth, shop"
      },
      "expansion": "French échoppe (“booth, shop”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:schoppe",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *skup-\nOld English scoppa\nMiddle English schoppe\nEnglish shop"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*skup-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skup-"
    ],
    [
      "scoppa",
      "scoppa#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "schoppe",
      "schoppe#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "shoppe",
      "shoppe#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "schoppe",
      "schoppe#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "sċoppa",
      "scoppa#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*skupp-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skupp-"
    ],
    [
      "*skup-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skup-"
    ],
    [
      "*skub-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/skub-"
    ],
    [
      "*skup-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/skup-"
    ],
    [
      "schop",
      "schop#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "Schuppen",
      "Schuppen#German"
    ],
    [
      "Schober",
      "Schober#German"
    ],
    [
      "échoppe",
      "échoppe#French"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Cornish",
      "lang_code": "kw",
      "word": "shoppa",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "word": "siopa",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "word": "ショップ",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "shoppu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "word": "シャープ",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "shāpu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Manx",
      "lang_code": "gv",
      "word": "shapp",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "lang_code": "no",
      "word": "sjappe",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "Telugu",
      "lang_code": "te",
      "word": "షాప్",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "ṣāp"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "lang_code": "vi",
      "word": "shop",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "lang_code": "cy",
      "word": "siop",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "An establishment that sells goods or services to the public; originally only a physical location, but now a virtual establishment as well.",
        "A place where things are manufactured or crafted; a workshop.",
        "A large garage where vehicle mechanics work.",
        "Workplace; office. Used mainly in expressions such as shop talk, closed shop and shop floor."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
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}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for shop →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-c2hvcA