Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗Causing intense surprise, horror, etc.; unexpected and shocking.
To cause to be emotionally shocked; to cause (someone) to feel greatly surprised or upset. · To strike with disgust, to offend, scandalize. · To give an electric shock to. · To subject to a shock wave or violent impact.
From Middle Dutch schokken (“to push, jolt, shake, jerk”) or Middle French choquer (“to collide with, clash”), from Old Dutch *skokkan (“to shake up and down, shog”), from Proto-Germanic *skukkaną (“to move, shake, tremble”). Of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *skakaną (“to shake, stir”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kek-, *(s)keg- (“to shake, stir”); see shake. Cognate with Middle Low German schocken (“collide with, deliver a blow to, move back and forth”), Old High German scoc (“a jolt, swing”), Middle High German schocken (“to swing”) (German schaukeln), Old Norse skykkr (“vibration, surging motion”), Icelandic skykkjun (“tremulously”), Middle English schiggen (“to shake”). Doublet of shog.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*skek-ine-pro
- Derivation mentionschokkendum
- Derivation mentionchoquerfrm
- Derivation mention*skokkanodt
- Derivation mention*skukkanągem-pro
- Derivation mention*skakanągem-pro
- Derivation mention*(s)kek-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionschockengml
- Cognate mentionscocgoh
- Cognate mentionschockengmh
- Cognate mentionschaukelnde
- Cognate mentionskykkrnon
- Cognate mentionskykkjunis
- Cognate mentionschiggenenm
- Doublet mentionshogen
This page abbreviates 4 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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"name": "der",
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{
"name": "cog",
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"2": "scoc",
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"4": "to swing"
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"expansion": "Middle High German schocken (“to swing”)"
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"3": "",
"4": "to shake"
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"expansion": "Middle English schiggen (“to shake”)"
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[
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"Causing intense surprise, horror, etc.; unexpected and shocking."
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"To cause to be emotionally shocked; to cause (someone) to feel greatly surprised or upset.",
"To strike with disgust, to offend, scandalize.",
"To give an electric shock to.",
"To subject to a shock wave or violent impact."
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