Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo create or make. · To give something a shape and definition. · To form or manipulate something into a certain shape. · To give influence to.
Etymology tree Proto-West Germanic *gaskap Old English ġesċeap Proto-Germanic *skēpą Proto-West Germanic *skāp Old English sċeap Middle English schap English shape From Middle English schap, schape, from Old English ġesceap (“shape, form, created being, creature, creation, dispensation, fate, condition, sex, gender, genitalia”), from Proto-West Germanic *ga- + *skap, from Proto-Germanic *ga- + *skapą (“shape, nature, condition”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (“to split, cut”). The verb is from Middle English shapen, schapen, from Old English scieppan (“to shape, form, make, create, assign, arrange, destine, order, adjudge”), from Proto-West Germanic *skappjan, from Proto-Germanic *skapjaną (“to create”), from the noun. The noun is cognate with Middle Dutch schap (“form”), Middle High German geschaf (“creature”), Icelandic skap (“state, condition, temper, mood”). The verb is cognate with Dutch scheppen, German schaffen, Swedish skapa (“create, make”), Norwegian Bokmål skape (“create”). Doublet of -ship.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*(s)kep-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionschapenm
- Inherited-form mentionġesceapang
- Inherited-form mention*ga-gmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*ga-gem-pro
- Derivation mention*(s)kep-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionshapenenm
- Inherited-form mentionscieppanang
- Inherited-form mention*skappjangmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*skapjanągem-pro
- Cognate mentionschapdum
- Cognate mentiongeschafgmh
- Cognate mentionskapis
- Cognate mentionscheppennl
- Cognate mentionschaffende
- Cognate mentionskapasv
- Cognate mentionskapenb
- Doublet mention-shipen
This page abbreviates 2 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kep-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:schap",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-West Germanic *gaskap\nOld English ġesċeap\nProto-Germanic *skēpą\nProto-West Germanic *skāp\nOld English sċeap\nMiddle English schap\nEnglish shape\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ġesċeap\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*skēpą\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*skāp\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"sċeap\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"schap\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"shape\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"shape\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "schap"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schap"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġesceap",
"4": "",
"5": "shape, form, created being, creature, creation, dispensation, fate, condition, sex, gender, genitalia"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġesceap (“shape, form, created being, creature, creation, dispensation, fate, condition, sex, gender, genitalia”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ga-"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga-"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kep-",
"4": "",
"5": "to split, cut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (“to split, cut”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "shapen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English shapen"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "scieppan",
"4": "",
"5": "to shape, form, make, create, assign, arrange, destine, order, adjudge"
},
"expansion": "Old English scieppan (“to shape, form, make, create, assign, arrange, destine, order, adjudge”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*skappjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skappjan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skapjaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to create"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skapjaną (“to create”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "schap",
"3": "",
"4": "form"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch schap (“form”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "geschaf",
"3": "",
"4": "creature"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German geschaf (“creature”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skap",
"3": "",
"4": "state, condition, temper, mood"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic skap (“state, condition, temper, mood”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "scheppen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch scheppen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "schaffen"
},
"expansion": "German schaffen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skapa",
"3": "",
"4": "create, make"
},
"expansion": "Swedish skapa (“create, make”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "skape",
"3": "",
"4": "create"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål skape (“create”)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ship"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -ship"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:schap",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-West Germanic *gaskap\nOld English ġesċeap\nProto-Germanic *skēpą\nProto-West Germanic *skāp\nOld English sċeap\nMiddle English schap\nEnglish shape"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*gaskap",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gaskap"
],
[
"ġesċeap",
"gesceap#Old_English"
],
[
"*skēpą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skēpą"
],
[
"*skāp",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skāp"
],
[
"sċeap",
"sceap#Old_English"
],
[
"schap",
"schap#Middle_English"
],
[
"schap",
"schap#Middle_English"
],
[
"schape",
"schape#Middle_English"
],
[
"ġesceap",
"gesceap#Old_English"
],
[
"*ga-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ga-"
],
[
"*skap",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skap"
],
[
"*ga-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ga-"
],
[
"*skapą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skapą"
],
[
"*(s)kep-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)kep-"
],
[
"shapen",
"shapen#Middle_English"
],
[
"schapen",
"schapen#Middle_English"
],
[
"scieppan",
"scieppan#Old_English"
],
[
"*skappjan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skappjan"
],
[
"*skapjaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skapjaną"
],
[
"schap",
"schap#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"geschaf",
"geschaf#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"skap",
"skap#Icelandic"
],
[
"scheppen",
"scheppen#Dutch"
],
[
"schaffen",
"schaffen#German"
],
[
"skapa",
"skapa#Swedish"
],
[
"skape",
"skape#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"-ship",
"-ship#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To create or make.",
"To give something a shape and definition.",
"To form or manipulate something into a certain shape.",
"To give influence to."
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland",
"rare",
"transitive",
"person"
],
"recordId": "48bb3a0d8a63b353e17bf9351cbc0b16458589ef8e191ddaaaec01f32998fda3",
"rawRecordSha256": "24989c5e40929f782bbce1e0cc00a034078fbd0b66a025fc802265b4706fdfbe",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 35565
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 2,
"glosses": 0
}
}