Etymology of shake

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗

noun

The act of shaking or being shaken; tremulous or back-and-forth motion. · A twitch, a spasm, a tremor. · A dance popular in the 1960s in which the head, limbs, and body are shaken. · A milkshake.

verb

To cause (something) to move rapidly in opposite directions alternatingly. · To move (one's head) from side to side, especially to indicate refusal, reluctance, or disapproval. · To move or remove by agitating; to throw off by a jolting or vibrating motion. · To disturb emotionally; to shock.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *skek-der. Proto-Germanic *skakaną Proto-West Germanic *skakan Old English sċacan Middle English schaken English shake From Middle English schaken, from Old English sċeacan, sċacan (“to shake”), from Proto-West Germanic *skakan, from Proto-Germanic *skakaną (“to shake, swing, escape”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keg-, *(s)kek- (“to jump, move”). Cognate with Scots schake, schack (“to shake”), West Frisian schaekje (“to shake”), Dutch schaken (“to elope, make clean, shake”), Low German schaken (“to move, shift, push, shake”) and schacken (“to shake, shock”), Old Norse skaka (“to shake”), Norwegian Nynorsk skaka (“to shake”), Swedish skaka (“to shake”), Danish skage (“to shake”), Dutch schokken (“to shake, shock”), Russian скака́ть (skakátʹ, “to jump”). More at shock.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inherited-form mentionschakenenm
Inherited-form mentionsċeacanang
Inherited-form mention*skakangmw-pro
Inherited-form mention*skakanągem-pro · to shake, swing, escape
Derivation mention*(s)keg-ine-pro
Cognate mentionschakesco
Cognate mentionschaekjefy · to shake
Cognate mentionschakennl · to elope, make clean, shake
Cognate mentionschakennds · to move, shift, push, shake
Cognate mentionskakanon · to shake
Cognate mentionskakann · to shake
Cognate mentionskakasv · to shake
Cognate mentionskageda · to shake
Cognate mentionschokkennl · to shake, shock
Cognate mentionскака́тьru · to jump

This page abbreviates 21 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:schaken",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *skek-der.\nProto-Germanic *skakaną\nProto-West Germanic *skakan\nOld English sċacan\nMiddle English schaken\nEnglish shake\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*skek-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*skakaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*skakan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"sċacan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"schaken\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"shake\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"shake\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "schaken"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English schaken"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sċeacan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sċeacan"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*skakan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skakan"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*skakaną",
        "t": "to shake, swing, escape"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skakaną (“to shake, swing, escape”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)keg-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)keg-"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "schake"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots schake"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "schaekje",
        "t": "to shake"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian schaekje (“to shake”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "schaken",
        "t": "to elope, make clean, shake"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch schaken (“to elope, make clean, shake”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "schaken",
        "t": "to move, shift, push, shake"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German schaken (“to move, shift, push, shake”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "skaka",
        "t": "to shake"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse skaka (“to shake”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "skaka",
        "t": "to shake"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk skaka (“to shake”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "skaka",
        "t": "to shake"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish skaka (“to shake”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "skage",
        "t": "to shake"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish skage (“to shake”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "schokken",
        "t": "to shake, shock"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch schokken (“to shake, shock”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "скака́ть",
        "t": "to jump"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian скака́ть (skakátʹ, “to jump”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:schaken",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *skek-der.\nProto-Germanic *skakaną\nProto-West Germanic *skakan\nOld English sċacan\nMiddle English schaken\nEnglish shake"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*skek-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/skek-"
    ],
    [
      "*skakaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skakaną"
    ],
    [
      "*skakan",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skakan"
    ],
    [
      "sċacan",
      "scacan#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "schaken",
      "schaken#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "schaken",
      "schaken#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "sċeacan",
      "sceacan#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "sċacan",
      "scacan#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*skakan",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skakan"
    ],
    [
      "*skakaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skakaną"
    ],
    [
      "*(s)keg-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)keg-"
    ],
    [
      "*(s)kek-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)kek-"
    ],
    [
      "schake",
      "schake#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "schack",
      "schack#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "schaekje",
      "schaekje#West_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "schaken",
      "schaken#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "schaken",
      "schaken#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "schacken",
      "schacken#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "skaka",
      "skaka#Old_Norse"
    ],
    [
      "skaka",
      "skaka#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
    ],
    [
      "skaka",
      "skaka#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "skage",
      "skage#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "schokken",
      "schokken#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "скака́ть",
      "скакать#Russian"
    ],
    [
      "shock",
      "shock#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "The act of shaking or being shaken; tremulous or back-and-forth motion.",
        "A twitch, a spasm, a tremor.",
        "A dance popular in the 1960s in which the head, limbs, and body are shaken.",
        "A milkshake."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable",
        "plural-normally"
      ],
      "recordId": "7d7728ff036552d8b439c426ef11c30f5913699d889b57a09ed46acf11228cb8",
      "rawRecordSha256": "dda48badaeebf28c708d74f5bd33d102c624e4fe8c65dd9f97f5aa08c397a1ee",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 34357
    },
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To cause (something) to move rapidly in opposite directions alternatingly.",
        "To move (one's head) from side to side, especially to indicate refusal, reluctance, or disapproval.",
        "To move or remove by agitating; to throw off by a jolting or vibrating motion.",
        "To disturb emotionally; to shock."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ergative",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "recordId": "cce0caef6b3106199f12cd3ecc7f0f1b55cbc275b1081aa9a94f647e314a4007",
      "rawRecordSha256": "dd1bb05ce5ed6f928585cc196208aeb231d3e58178f17dea4722d77456e9c6b9",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 34356
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 21,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

The source etymologies

Unnumbered source etymology

Relationships mentioned by the source

Where this record stops

Source and snapshot