Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗To fuck over; to cause harm to, especially through deceit or treachery. · To equip with a shaft. · To fuck; to have sexual intercourse with.
The entire body of a long weapon, such as an arrow. · The long, narrow, central body of a spear, arrow, or javelin. · Anything cast or thrown as a spear or javelin. · One of the poles between which a draught animal is harnessed to a vehicle.
From Middle English chafte, saft, scaft, schaft, schafte, scheft, shaffet, shaft, from Old English sċeaft, from Proto-West Germanic *skaft, from Proto-Germanic *skaftaz (“shaft”), from Proto-Indo-European *skeh₂p- (“club, rod, shaft, staff”). Cognates Cognate with Dutch schacht (“shaft”), German Schaft (“shaft”), Low German Schacht, Skacht (“shaft; cane, stick; beating”), Danish, Icelandic, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish skaft (“handle; stem; shaft”); also Latin scapus (“stalk, stem; shaft”), Greek σκήπτρο (skíptro, “sceptre”), Albanian shkop (“staff, stick”), Belarusian кап'ё (kapʺjó, “spear”), Bulgarian ко́пие (kópie, “spear”), Czech kopí (“spear”), Macedonian копје (kopje, “spear”), Polish kopia (“spear”), Russian копьё (kopʹjó, “spear”), Serbo-Croatian ко̏пље, kȍplje (“spear”), Slovak kopija (“spear”), Slovene kopje (“javelin”). In Early Modern English, shaft referred to the entire body of a long weapon, such that an arrow's “shaft” was composed of its tip, stale, and fletching. Over time, the word came to be used in place of the former stale and lost its original meaning.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*(s)kep-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionchafteenm
- Inherited-form mentionsċeaftang
- Inherited-form mention*skaftgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*skaftazgem-pro · shaft
- Inherited-form mention*skeh₂p-ine-pro · club, rod, shaft, staff
- Cognate mentionschachtnl · shaft
- Cognate mentionSchaftde · shaft
- Cognate mentionSchachtnds
- Cognate mentionscapusla · stalk, stem; shaft
- Cognate mentionσκήπτροel · sceptre
- Cognate mentionshkopsq · staff, stick
- Cognate mentionкап'ёbe · spear
- Cognate mentionко́пиеbg · spear
- Cognate mentionkopícs · spear
- Cognate mentionкопјеmk · spear
- Cognate mentionkopiapl · spear
- Cognate mentionкопьёru · spear
- Cognate mentionко̏пљеsh
- Cognate mentionkopijask · spear
- Cognate mentionkopjesl · javelin
This page abbreviates 13 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kep-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chafte"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chafte"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċeaft"
},
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},
{
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},
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},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skaftaz",
"t": "shaft"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skaftaz (“shaft”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*skeh₂p-",
"t": "club, rod, shaft, staff"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skeh₂p- (“club, rod, shaft, staff”)"
},
{
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"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
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"2": "schacht",
"t": "shaft"
},
"expansion": "Dutch schacht (“shaft”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schaft",
"t": "shaft"
},
"expansion": "German Schaft (“shaft”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Schacht"
},
"expansion": "Low German Schacht"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da,is,nb,nn,sv",
"2": "skaft",
"t": "handle; stem; shaft"
},
"expansion": "Danish, Icelandic, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish skaft (“handle; stem; shaft”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "scapus",
"t": "stalk, stem; shaft"
},
"expansion": "Latin scapus (“stalk, stem; shaft”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "σκήπτρο",
"t": "sceptre"
},
"expansion": "Greek σκήπτρο (skíptro, “sceptre”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shkop",
"t": "staff, stick"
},
"expansion": "Albanian shkop (“staff, stick”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "кап'ё",
"t": "spear"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian кап'ё (kapʺjó, “spear”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ко́пие",
"t": "spear"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian ко́пие (kópie, “spear”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kopí",
"t": "spear"
},
"expansion": "Czech kopí (“spear”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "копје",
"t": "spear"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian копје (kopje, “spear”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kopia",
"t": "spear"
},
"expansion": "Polish kopia (“spear”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "копьё",
"t": "spear"
},
"expansion": "Russian копьё (kopʹjó, “spear”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ко̏пље"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian ко̏пље"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "kopija",
"t": "spear"
},
"expansion": "Slovak kopija (“spear”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kopje",
"t": "javelin"
},
"expansion": "Slovene kopje (“javelin”)"
},
{
"name": ",",
"args": {},
"expansion": ","
}
],
"links": [
[
"chafte",
"chafte#Middle_English"
],
[
"saft",
"saft#Middle_English"
],
[
"scaft",
"scaft#Middle_English"
],
[
"schaft",
"schaft#Middle_English"
],
[
"schafte",
"schafte#Middle_English"
],
[
"scheft",
"scheft#Middle_English"
],
[
"shaffet",
"shaffet#Middle_English"
],
[
"shaft",
"shaft#Middle_English"
],
[
"sċeaft",
"sceaft#Old_English"
],
[
"*skaft",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skaft"
],
[
"*skaftaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skaftaz"
],
[
"*skeh₂p-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/skeh₂p-"
],
[
"schacht",
"schacht#Dutch"
],
[
"Schaft",
"Schaft#German"
],
[
"Schacht",
"Schacht#Low_German"
],
[
"Skacht",
"Skacht#Low_German"
],
[
"Danish",
"skaft#Danish"
],
[
"Icelandic",
"skaft#Icelandic"
],
[
"Norwegian Bokmål",
"skaft#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"Norwegian Nynorsk",
"skaft#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"skaft",
"skaft#Swedish"
],
[
"scapus",
"scapus#Latin"
],
[
"σκήπτρο",
"σκήπτρο#Greek"
],
[
"shkop",
"shkop#Albanian"
],
[
"кап'ё",
"кап'ё#Belarusian"
],
[
"ко́пие",
"копие#Bulgarian"
],
[
"kopí",
"kopí#Czech"
],
[
"копје",
"копје#Macedonian"
],
[
"kopia",
"kopia#Polish"
],
[
"копьё",
"копьё#Russian"
],
[
"ко̏пље",
"копље#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"kȍplje",
"koplje#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"kopija",
"kopija#Slovak"
],
[
"kopje",
"kopje#Slovene"
],
[
"tip",
"tip"
],
[
"stale",
"stale"
],
[
"fletching",
"fletching"
],
[
"stale",
"stale#English:_shaft"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To fuck over; to cause harm to, especially through deceit or treachery.",
"To equip with a shaft.",
"To fuck; to have sexual intercourse with."
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"transitive"
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{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"The entire body of a long weapon, such as an arrow.",
"The long, narrow, central body of a spear, arrow, or javelin.",
"Anything cast or thrown as a spear or javelin.",
"One of the poles between which a draught animal is harnessed to a vehicle."
],
"tags": [
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"broadly"
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"lexicalSenses": 13,
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}