*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of shy

From Middle English shy (“shy”), from Old English sċēoh (“shy”), from Proto-West Germanic *skeuh (“shy, fearful”), from Proto-Germanic *skeuhaz (“shy, fearful”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian skjou (“shy”), Dutch schuw

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In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
verb

To avoid due to caution, embarrassment or timidness. · To jump back in fear. · To throw sideways with a jerk; to fling. · To throw a ball with two hands above the head, especially when it has crossed the side lines in a football (soccer) match.

adj

Easily frightened; timid. · Reserved; disinclined to familiar approach. · Cautious; wary; suspicious. · Short, insufficient or less than.

noun

An act of throwing. · A place for throwing. · A sudden start aside, as by a horse. · In the Eton College wall game, a point scored by lifting the ball against the wall in the calx.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English shy (“shy”), from Old English sċēoh (“shy”), from Proto-West Germanic *skeuh (“shy, fearful”), from Proto-Germanic *skeuhaz (“shy, fearful”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian skjou (“shy”), Dutch schuw (“shy”), German scheu (“shy”), Danish sky (“shy”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionshyenm
  • Inherited-form mentionsċēohang
  • Inherited-form mention*skeuhgmw-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*skeuhazgem-pro
  • Cognate mentionskjoustq
  • Cognate mentionschuwnl
  • Cognate mentionscheude
  • Cognate mentionskyda

This page abbreviates 5 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "shy",
        "4": "",
        "5": "shy"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English shy (“shy”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sċēoh",
        "4": "",
        "5": "shy"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sċēoh (“shy”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*skeuh",
        "4": "",
        "5": "shy, fearful"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skeuh (“shy, fearful”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*skeuhaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "shy, fearful"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skeuhaz (“shy, fearful”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "skjou",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shy"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian skjou (“shy”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "schuw",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shy"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch schuw (“shy”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "scheu",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shy"
      },
      "expansion": "German scheu (“shy”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "sky",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shy"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish sky (“shy”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:shy<id:timid>",
        "id": "timid",
        "tree": "1"
      },
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    },
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      },
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    }
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      "shy",
      "shy#Middle_English"
    ],
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    ],
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      "*skeuh",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skeuh"
    ],
    [
      "*skeuhaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skeuhaz"
    ],
    [
      "skjou",
      "skjou#Saterland_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "schuw",
      "schuw#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "scheu",
      "scheu#German"
    ],
    [
      "sky",
      "sky#Danish"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
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        "To avoid due to caution, embarrassment or timidness.",
        "To jump back in fear.",
        "To throw sideways with a jerk; to fling.",
        "To throw a ball with two hands above the head, especially when it has crossed the side lines in a football (soccer) match."
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        "Easily frightened; timid.",
        "Reserved; disinclined to familiar approach.",
        "Cautious; wary; suspicious.",
        "Short, insufficient or less than."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal"
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      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "An act of throwing.",
        "A place for throwing.",
        "A sudden start aside, as by a horse.",
        "In the Eton College wall game, a point scored by lifting the ball against the wall in the calx."
      ],
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  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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    "lexicalSenses": 5,
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}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for shy →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-c2h5