*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of serf

From Middle English serf, from Old French serf, from Latin servus (“slave, serf, servant”).

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
noun

A partially free peasant of a low hereditary class, attached like a slave to the land owned by a feudal lord and required to perform labour, enjoying minimal legal or customary rights. · A similar agricultural labourer in 18th and 19th century Europe. · A worker unit.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English serf, from Old French serf, from Latin servus (“slave, serf, servant”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Root classification mention*ser- (guard)ine-pro
  • Inherited-form mentionserfenm
  • Derivation mentionserffro
  • Derivation mentionservusla · slave, serf, servant
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ser- (guard)"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "serf"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English serf"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "serf"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French serf"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "servus",
        "t": "slave, serf, servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin servus (“slave, serf, servant”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "serf",
      "serf#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "serf",
      "serf#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "servus",
      "servus#Latin"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A partially free peasant of a low hereditary class, attached like a slave to the land owned by a feudal lord and required to perform labour, enjoying minimal legal or customary rights.",
        "A similar agricultural labourer in 18th and 19th century Europe.",
        "A worker unit."
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "recordId": "4b8cfba299d80ea7015ab0290e1d04ef7e5712d488c76481abb281231646c057",
      "rawRecordSha256": "4be0cb3eef95a6678ce216e51f1a807939845c6bb771ae5e07c65a28e83e5485",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 221840
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for serf →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-c2VyZg