Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗intj
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryIntroducing an explanation.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-der. Proto-Germanic *sehwaną Proto-West Germanic *sehwan Old English sēon Middle English seen English see From Middle English seen, from Old English sēon (“to see, look, behold, perceive, observe, discern, understand, know”), from Proto-West Germanic *sehwan, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną (“to see”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”). Etymology 1 sense 9 is a calque of Latin vidē (“see (thou)”, 2ⁿᵈ person singular imperative), which was also borrowed into academic English (see vide) as well as Portuguese. Cognates Cognate with Scots see, sei (“to see”), Yola sau, ze, zee, zey, zie (“to see”), North Frisian se, si, siin, siine, siinj, sä, säie (“to see”), Saterland Frisian sjo (“to see”), West Frisian sjen (“to see”), Bavarian segn (“to see”), Central Franconian sehn, senn (“to see”), Dutch zien (“to see”), Low German sehn (“to see; to look”), German sehen (“to see”), Limburgish séëne, zeen (“to see”), Luxembourgish gesinn (“to see”), Alemannic German gseh (“to see”), Mòcheno sechen (“to see”), Vilamovian zaon (“to see”), Yiddish זען (zen, “to see”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, and Swedish se (“to see”), Elfdalian sją̊ (“to see”), Faroese síggja (“to see”), Icelandic sjá (“to see”), Norwegian Nynorsk sjå (“to see”), sia (“to foretell”), Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽 (saiƕan, “to see”), and more distantly with Albanian shof, shoh (“to see”), Latin secūtus, sequūtus (“followed”), Ancient Greek ἕπομαι (hépomai, “to follow, obey”), Persian ا (a), از (az), ز (ze, “from, of”), Luwian 𒁕𒀀𒌋𒄿𒅖 (“eye”), Sanskrit सच् (sac, “to be associated with, familiar with, have to do with”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionseenenm
- Inherited-form mentionsēonang
- Inherited-form mention*sehwangmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*sehwanągem-pro · to see
- Derivation mention*sekʷ-ine-pro · to see, notice
- Calque mentionvidēla
- Cognate mentionseesco
- Cognate mentionsauyol
- Cognate mentionsefrr
- Cognate mentionsjostq · to see
- Cognate mentionsjenfy · to see
- Cognate mentionsegnbar · to see
- Cognate mentionsehngmw-cfr
- Cognate mentionziennl · to see
- Cognate mentionsehnnds · to see; to look
- Cognate mentionsehende · to see
- Cognate mentionséëneli
- Cognate mentiongesinnlb · to see
- Cognate mentiongsehgsw · to see
- Cognate mentionsechenmhn · to see
- Cognate mentionzaonwym · to see
- Cognate mentionזעןyi · to see
- Cognate mentionsją̊ovd · to see
- Cognate mentionsíggjafo · to see
- Cognate mentionsjáis · to see
- Cognate mentionsjånn · to see
- Cognate mention𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽got · to see
- Cognate mentionshofsq
- Cognate mentionsecūtusla
- Cognate mentionἕπομαιgrc · to follow, obey
- Cognate mentionاfa
- Cognate mention𒁕𒀀𒌋𒄿𒅖xlu · eye
- Cognate mentionसच्sa · to be associated with, familiar with, have to do with
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:seen",
"id": "perceive",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sekʷ-der.\nProto-Germanic *sehwaną\nProto-West Germanic *sehwan\nOld English sēon\nMiddle English seen\nEnglish see\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"see\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*sekʷ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sehwaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sehwan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"sēon\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"seen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"see\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"perceive\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"see\" id=\"English:_perceive\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "seen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English seen"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sēon",
"4": "",
"5": "to see, look, behold, perceive, observe, discern, understand, know",
"id": "see"
},
"expansion": "Old English sēon (“to see, look, behold, perceive, observe, discern, understand, know”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sehwan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sehwan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sehwaną",
"t": "to see"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sehwaną (“to see”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sekʷ-",
"t": "to see, notice",
"id": "see"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”)"
},
{
"name": "sno",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "refer to",
"pos": "false",
"cap": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology 1 sense 9"
},
{
"name": "fon",
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "2ⁿᵈ"
},
{
"name": "2nd",
"args": {},
"expansion": "2ⁿᵈ"
},
{
"name": "calque",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vidē",
"4": "",
"5": "see (thou)",
"pos": "2ⁿᵈ person singular imperative",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "calque of Latin vidē (“see (thou)”, 2ⁿᵈ person singular imperative)"
},
{
"name": "lg",
"args": {
"1": "borrowed"
},
"expansion": "borrowed"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "see"
},
"expansion": "Scots see"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "sau"
},
"expansion": "Yola sau"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "se"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian se"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "sjo",
"t": "to see"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian sjo (“to see”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "sjen",
"t": "to see"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian sjen (“to see”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "segn",
"t": "to see"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian segn (“to see”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "sehn"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian sehn"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zien",
"t": "to see"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zien (“to see”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "sehn",
"t": "to see; to look"
},
"expansion": "Low German sehn (“to see; to look”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "sehen",
"t": "to see"
},
"expansion": "German sehen (“to see”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "séëne"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish séëne"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "gesinn",
"t": "to see"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish gesinn (“to see”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "gseh",
"t": "to see"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German gseh (“to see”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "mhn",
"2": "sechen",
"t": "to see"
},
"expansion": "Mòcheno sechen (“to see”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "zaon",
"t": "to see"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian zaon (“to see”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "זען",
"t": "to see"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish זען (zen, “to see”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da,nb,sv",
"2": "se",
"t": "to see"
},
"expansion": "Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, and Swedish se (“to see”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "sją̊",
"t": "to see"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian sją̊ (“to see”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "síggja",
"t": "to see"
},
"expansion": "Faroese síggja (“to see”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "sjá",
"t": "to see"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic sjá (“to see”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "sjå",
"t": "to see"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk sjå (“to see”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽",
"t": "to see"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽 (saiƕan, “to see”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shof"
},
"expansion": "Albanian shof"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "secūtus"
},
"expansion": "Latin secūtus"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἕπομαι",
"t": "to follow, obey"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἕπομαι (hépomai, “to follow, obey”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ا",
"tr": "a"
},
"expansion": "Persian ا (a)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "𒁕𒀀𒌋𒄿𒅖",
"t": "eye"
},
"expansion": "Luwian 𒁕𒀀𒌋𒄿𒅖 (“eye”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "सच्",
"t": "to be associated with, familiar with, have to do with"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit सच् (sac, “to be associated with, familiar with, have to do with”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:seen",
"id": "perceive",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sekʷ-der.\nProto-Germanic *sehwaną\nProto-West Germanic *sehwan\nOld English sēon\nMiddle English seen\nEnglish see"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*sekʷ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sekʷ-#Proto-Indo-European:_see"
],
[
"*sehwaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sehwaną"
],
[
"*sehwan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sehwan"
],
[
"sēon",
"seon#Old_English:_see"
],
[
"seen",
"seen#Middle_English"
],
[
"seen",
"seen#Middle_English"
],
[
"sēon",
"seon#Old_English:_see"
],
[
"*sehwan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sehwan"
],
[
"*sehwaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sehwaną"
],
[
"*sekʷ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sekʷ-#Proto-Indo-European:_see"
],
[
"vidē",
"vide#Latin"
],
[
"vide",
"vide#English:_see_consult"
],
[
"Portuguese",
"vide#Portuguese:_see"
],
[
"see",
"see#Scots"
],
[
"sei",
"sei#Scots"
],
[
"sau",
"sau#Yola"
],
[
"ze",
"ze#Yola"
],
[
"zee",
"zee#Yola"
],
[
"zey",
"zey#Yola"
],
[
"zie",
"zie#Yola"
],
[
"se",
"se#North_Frisian"
],
[
"si",
"si#North_Frisian"
],
[
"siin",
"siin#North_Frisian"
],
[
"siine",
"siine#North_Frisian"
],
[
"siinj",
"siinj#North_Frisian"
],
[
"sä",
"sä#North_Frisian"
],
[
"säie",
"säie#North_Frisian"
],
[
"sjo",
"sjo#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"sjen",
"sjen#West_Frisian"
],
[
"segn",
"segn#Bavarian"
],
[
"sehn",
"sehn#Central_Franconian"
],
[
"senn",
"senn#Central_Franconian"
],
[
"zien",
"zien#Dutch"
],
[
"sehn",
"sehn#Low_German"
],
[
"sehen",
"sehen#German"
],
[
"séëne",
"séëne#Limburgish"
],
[
"zeen",
"zeen#Limburgish"
],
[
"gesinn",
"gesinn#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"gseh",
"gseh#Alemannic_German"
],
[
"sechen",
"sechen#Mòcheno"
],
[
"zaon",
"zaon#Vilamovian"
],
[
"זען",
"זען#Yiddish"
],
[
"Danish",
"se#Danish"
],
[
"Norwegian Bokmål",
"se#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"se",
"se#Swedish"
],
[
"sją̊",
"sją̊#Elfdalian"
],
[
"síggja",
"síggja#Faroese"
],
[
"sjá",
"sjá#Icelandic"
],
[
"sjå",
"sjå#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"sia",
"sia#Swedish"
],
[
"𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽",
"𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽#Gothic"
],
[
"shof",
"shof#Albanian"
],
[
"shoh",
"shoh#Albanian"
],
[
"secūtus",
"secutus#Latin"
],
[
"sequūtus",
"sequutus#Latin"
],
[
"ἕπομαι",
"ἕπομαι#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"ا",
"ا#Persian"
],
[
"از",
"از#Persian"
],
[
"ز",
"ز#Persian"
],
[
"𒁕𒀀𒌋𒄿𒅖",
"𒁕𒀀𒌋𒄿𒅖#Luwian"
],
[
"सच्",
"सच्#Sanskrit"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "intj",
"glosses": [
"Introducing an explanation."
],
"tags": [],
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"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
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