Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗To scratch or scrape. · To rake; to search.
From Middle English scratten. Further etymology uncertain; apparently related to cratch, from Middle English cratchen, cracchen (“to scratch”), alteration of *cratsen (“to scratch”). The root is Germanic and may be inherited from Proto-West Germanic. Compare Proto-Germanic *krattōną (“to scratch”), also of uncertain origin but perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to scratch, carve, cut”); ultimately onomatopoeic in origin (compare crush, crow). From a surface analysis, maybe related to Proto-Germanic *skraudō (“scraps, shreds”); also Old English scrama (“scratch”), among other Germanic roots beginning with *skr- (cf. scrape). Compare related Old Swedish kratta (“to scratch”), Swedish kratta (“to rake”), Danish kratte (“to scratch”), Icelandic krota (“to engrave”); Old Norse *kratsa, Danish kradse (“to scratch, scrape, claw”), Swedish kratsa (“to scratch”), Icelandic krassa (“to scrawl”); Dutch kratsen (“to scratch”), Low German kratten, Old High German krazzōn, crazōn (“to scratch”), Middle Low German krassen, kratsen, German kratzen (“to scratch”), Albanian gërresë (“rasp, scraper”). According to SAOB, a related word is apparently Old Swedish kraza (“to quarrel, to fight”), which could suggest a relation to English craze, from Old Norse *krasa (“to shatter”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionscrattenenm
- Cognate mentioncratchenenm
- Derivation mention*krattōnągem-pro · to scratch
- Derivation mention*ger-ine-pro
- Cognate mention*skraudōgem-pro
- Cognate mentionscramaang
- Cognate mentionkrattagmq-osw
- Cognate mentionkrattasv
- Cognate mentionkratteda
- Cognate mentionkrotais
- Cognate mention*kratsanon
- Cognate mentionkradseda
- Cognate mentionkratsasv
- Cognate mentionkrassais
- Cognate mentionkratsennl
- Cognate mentionkrattennds
- Cognate mentionkrazzōngoh
- Cognate mentionkrassengml
- Cognate mentionkratzende
- Cognate mentiongërresësq · rasp, scraper
- Cognate mentionkrazagmq-osw
- Cognate mentioncrazeen
- Cognate mention*krasanon
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scratten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scratten"
},
{
"name": "unc",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cratchen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cratchen"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krattōną",
"t": "to scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krattōną (“to scratch”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ger-",
"4": "",
"5": "to scratch, carve, cut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to scratch, carve, cut”)"
},
{
"name": "onomatopoeic",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skraudō",
"3": "",
"4": "scraps, shreds"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skraudō (“scraps, shreds”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "scrama",
"3": "",
"4": "scratch"
},
"expansion": "Old English scrama (“scratch”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "kratta",
"3": "",
"4": "to scratch"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish kratta (“to scratch”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kratta",
"3": "",
"4": "to rake"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kratta (“to rake”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kratte",
"3": "",
"4": "to scratch"
},
"expansion": "Danish kratte (“to scratch”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "krota",
"3": "",
"4": "to engrave"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic krota (“to engrave”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*kratsa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse *kratsa"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kradse",
"3": "",
"4": "to scratch, scrape, claw"
},
"expansion": "Danish kradse (“to scratch, scrape, claw”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kratsa",
"3": "",
"4": "to scratch"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kratsa (“to scratch”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "krassa",
"3": "",
"4": "to scrawl"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic krassa (“to scrawl”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kratsen",
"3": "",
"4": "to scratch"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kratsen (“to scratch”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "kratten"
},
"expansion": "Low German kratten"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "krazzōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German krazzōn"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "krassen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German krassen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kratzen",
"3": "",
"4": "to scratch"
},
"expansion": "German kratzen (“to scratch”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gërresë",
"t": "rasp, scraper"
},
"expansion": "Albanian gërresë (“rasp, scraper”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "kraza",
"3": "",
"4": "to quarrel, to fight"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish kraza (“to quarrel, to fight”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "craze"
},
"expansion": "English craze"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*krasa",
"3": "",
"4": "to shatter"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse *krasa (“to shatter”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"scratten",
"scratten#Middle_English"
],
[
"cratch",
"cratch#English"
],
[
"cratchen",
"cratchen#Middle_English"
],
[
"cracchen",
"cracchen#Middle_English"
],
[
"*cratsen",
"Reconstruction:Middle English/cratsen"
],
[
"*krattōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krattōną"
],
[
"*ger-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ger-"
],
[
"crush",
"crush#English"
],
[
"crow",
"crow#English"
],
[
"*skraudō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skraudō"
],
[
"scrama",
"scrama#Old_English"
],
[
"scrape",
"scrape#English"
],
[
"kratta",
"kratta#Old_Swedish"
],
[
"kratta",
"kratta#Swedish"
],
[
"kratte",
"kratte#Danish"
],
[
"krota",
"krota#Icelandic"
],
[
"*kratsa",
"Reconstruction:Old Norse/kratsa"
],
[
"kradse",
"kradse#Danish"
],
[
"kratsa",
"kratsa#Swedish"
],
[
"krassa",
"krassa#Icelandic"
],
[
"kratsen",
"kratsen#Dutch"
],
[
"kratten",
"kratten#Low_German"
],
[
"krazzōn",
"krazzon#Old_High_German"
],
[
"crazōn",
"crazon#Old_High_German"
],
[
"krassen",
"krassen#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"kratsen",
"kratsen#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"kratzen",
"kratzen#German"
],
[
"gërresë",
"gërresë#Albanian"
],
[
"kraza",
"kraza#Old_Swedish"
],
[
"craze",
"craze#English"
],
[
"*krasa",
"Reconstruction:Old Norse/krasa"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To scratch or scrape.",
"To rake; to search."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"UK"
],
"recordId": "a2175b5d29d2a6aa7208a4bb7bce63ffee2f9d7aab0d56a5aa68385d65e7b430",
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 2396378
}
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"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
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}
}