Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗verb
To burn with hot liquid. · To heat almost to boiling.
noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA burn, or injury to the skin or flesh, by hot liquid or steam. · A paste, made by mixing flour with hot or boiling water (causing starches in it to gelatinize and hold more water) and allowing that mixture to sit and cool, which is added to bread dough to produce a softer bread that takes longer to stale. · Poor or bad land.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs Proto-Italic *eks Latin ex Latin ex- Proto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁- Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti Proto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti Proto-Italic *kalēō Latin caleō Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der. Proto-Italic *-iðos Latin -idus Latin calidus Latin caldus Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin excaldō Old Northern French escalderbor. Middle English scalden English scald From Middle English scalden, assumed to stem from Old Northern French escalder (compare central Old French eschauder, eschalder), from Late Latin excaldāre (“bathe in hot water”), from ex- (“off, out”) + cal(i)dus (“hot”). Cognate with Old Swedish skalda, skolda, skolla, skala, Swedish skålla, Danish skolde, Norwegian skålda, skaalda, Icelandic skálda. Also compare Old Norse skálda (“to rot, fall off, of hair”), to skalli (“baldness”), borrowed as Middle English scalle (“hair loss infection, rash, blistering”), English scall.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionscaldenenm
- Cognate mentionskaldagmq-osw
- Cognate mentionskållasv
- Cognate mentionskoldeda
- Cognate mentionskåldano
- Cognate mentionskáldais
- Non-cognate comparisonskáldanon · to rot, fall off, of hair
- Non-cognate comparisonscalleenm · hair loss infection, rash, blistering
- Non-cognate comparisonscallen
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:scalden",
"id": "scalden",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti\nProto-Italic *kalēō\nLatin caleō\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nLatin -idus\nLatin calidus\nLatin caldus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin excaldō\nOld Northern French escalderbor.\nMiddle English scalden\nEnglish scald\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"out\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁éǵʰ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adverbial\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-s\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁éǵʰs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*eks\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ex\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ex-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱleh₁-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₁ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kalēō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"caleō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"do\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰeh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-iðos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-idus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"calidus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"caldus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"excaldō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Northern French\", \"term\" : \"escalder\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro-nor\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"scalden\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"scald\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"scalden\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"scald\" id=\"English:_scalden\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scalden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scalden"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro-nor",
"3": "escalder"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French escalder"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "excaldo",
"4": "excaldāre",
"t": "bathe in hot water"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin excaldāre (“bathe in hot water”)"
},
{
"name": "af",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ex-<t:off, out>",
"3": "caldus<alt:cal(i)dus><t:hot>",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ex- (“off, out”) + cal(i)dus (“hot”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "skalda"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish skalda"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skålla"
},
"expansion": "Swedish skålla"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skolde"
},
"expansion": "Danish skolde"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skålda"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian skålda"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skálda"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic skálda"
},
{
"name": "ncog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skálda",
"t": "to rot, fall off, of hair"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse skálda (“to rot, fall off, of hair”)"
},
{
"name": "ncog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "scalle",
"t": "hair loss infection, rash, blistering"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scalle (“hair loss infection, rash, blistering”)"
},
{
"name": "ncog",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "scall"
},
"expansion": "English scall"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:scalden",
"id": "scalden",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti\nProto-Italic *kalēō\nLatin caleō\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nLatin -idus\nLatin calidus\nLatin caldus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin excaldō\nOld Northern French escalderbor.\nMiddle English scalden\nEnglish scald"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*h₁éǵʰ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁éǵʰ"
],
[
"*-s",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-s#Proto-Indo-European:_adverbial"
],
[
"*h₁éǵʰs",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁éǵʰs"
],
[
"*eks",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/eks"
],
[
"ex",
"ex#Latin:_out"
],
[
"ex-",
"ex-#Latin"
],
[
"*ḱleh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱleh₁-"
],
[
"*-éh₁ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₁ti"
],
[
"*kalēō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kalēō"
],
[
"caleō",
"caleo#Latin"
],
[
"*dʰeh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰeh₁-#Proto-Indo-European:_do"
],
[
"*-iðos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-iðos"
],
[
"-idus",
"-idus#Latin"
],
[
"calidus",
"calidus#Latin"
],
[
"caldus",
"caldus#Latin"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
"*-eh₂yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
],
[
"*-āō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"excaldō",
"excaldo#Latin"
],
[
"escalder",
"escalder#Old_French"
],
[
"scalden",
"scalden#Middle_English"
],
[
"scalden",
"scalden#Middle_English"
],
[
"escalder",
"escalder#Old_French"
],
[
"eschauder, eschalder",
"eschauder#Old_French"
],
[
"excaldāre",
"excaldo#Latin"
],
[
"ex-",
"ex-#Latin"
],
[
"cal(i)dus",
"caldus#Latin"
],
[
"skalda",
"skalda#Old_Swedish"
],
[
"skolda",
"skolda#Old_Swedish"
],
[
"skolla",
"skolla#Old_Swedish"
],
[
"skala",
"skala#Old_Swedish"
],
[
"skålla",
"skålla#Swedish"
],
[
"skolde",
"skolde#Danish"
],
[
"skålda",
"skålda#Norwegian"
],
[
"skaalda",
"skaalda#Norwegian"
],
[
"skálda",
"skálda#Icelandic"
],
[
"skálda",
"skálda#Old_Norse"
],
[
"skalli",
"skalli#Old_Norse"
],
[
"scalle",
"scalle#Middle_English"
],
[
"scall",
"scall#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To burn with hot liquid.",
"To heat almost to boiling."
],
"tags": [],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 419843
},
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A burn, or injury to the skin or flesh, by hot liquid or steam.",
"A paste, made by mixing flour with hot or boiling water (causing starches in it to gelatinize and hold more water) and allowing that mixture to sit and cool, which is added to bread dough to produce a softer bread that takes longer to stale.",
"Poor or bad land."
],
"tags": [
"Appalachia"
],
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