Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗verb
To exhaust the vitality of. · To drain, suck or absorb sap from (a tree, etc.).
noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryThe juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition. · The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree. · Any juice. · Vitality.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *sap-der. Proto-West Germanic *sap Old English sæp Middle English sap English sap From Middle English sap, from Old English sæp (“juice, sap”), from Proto-West Germanic *sap (“sap, juice”) (compare Dutch sap, German Saft, Icelandic safi), from Proto-Indo-European *sab-, *sap- (“to taste”) (compare Welsh syb-wydd (“fir”), Latin sapa (“must, new wine”), Russian со́пли (sópli, “snivel”), Old Armenian համ (ham, “taste”), Avestan 𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀 (vi-šāpa, “having poisonous juices”), Sanskrit सबर् (sabar, “juice, nectar”)). More at sage. sap (“naive person”) is a clipping of sapskull (literally “person with sap in their skull”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionsapenm
- Inherited-form mentionsæpang · juice, sap
- Inherited-form mention*sapgmw-pro · sap, juice
- Cognate mentionsapnl
- Cognate mentionSaftde
- Cognate mentionsafiis
- Derivation mention*sab-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionsybwyddcy · fir
- Cognate mentionsapala · must, new wine
- Cognate mentionсо́плиru · snivel
- Cognate mentionհամxcl · taste
- Cognate mention𐬬𐬌𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀ae · having poisonous juices
- Cognate mentionसबर्sa · juice, nectar
This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:sap",
"id": "juice",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sap-der.\nProto-West Germanic *sap\nOld English sæp\nMiddle English sap\nEnglish sap\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*sap-\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sap\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"sæp\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"sap\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"sap\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"juice\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"sap\" id=\"English:_juice\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sap"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sap"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sæp",
"t": "juice, sap"
},
"expansion": "Old English sæp (“juice, sap”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sap",
"t": "sap, juice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sap (“sap, juice”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "sap"
},
"expansion": "Dutch sap"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Saft"
},
"expansion": "German Saft"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "safi"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic safi"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sab-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sab-"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "sybwydd",
"3": "syb-wydd",
"t": "fir"
},
"expansion": "Welsh syb-wydd (“fir”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sapa",
"t": "must, new wine"
},
"expansion": "Latin sapa (“must, new wine”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "со́пли",
"t": "snivel"
},
"expansion": "Russian со́пли (sópli, “snivel”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "համ",
"t": "taste"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian համ (ham, “taste”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬬𐬌𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀",
"3": "𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀",
"t": "having poisonous juices"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀 (vi-šāpa, “having poisonous juices”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "सबर्",
"t": "juice, nectar"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit सबर् (sabar, “juice, nectar”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:sap",
"id": "juice",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sap-der.\nProto-West Germanic *sap\nOld English sæp\nMiddle English sap\nEnglish sap"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*sap-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sap-"
],
[
"*sap",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sap"
],
[
"sæp",
"sæp#Old_English"
],
[
"sap",
"sap#Middle_English"
],
[
"sap",
"sap#Middle_English"
],
[
"sæp",
"sæp#Old_English"
],
[
"*sap",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sap"
],
[
"sap",
"sap#Dutch"
],
[
"Saft",
"Saft#German"
],
[
"safi",
"safi#Icelandic"
],
[
"*sab-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sab-"
],
[
"*sap-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sap-"
],
[
"syb-wydd",
"sybwydd#Welsh"
],
[
"sapa",
"sapa#Latin"
],
[
"со́пли",
"сопли#Russian"
],
[
"համ",
"համ#Old_Armenian"
],
[
"𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀",
"𐬬𐬌𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀#Avestan"
],
[
"सबर्",
"सबर्#Sanskrit"
],
[
"sage",
"sage#English"
],
[
"sap",
"sap#English"
],
[
"sapskull",
"sapskull#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To exhaust the vitality of.",
"To drain, suck or absorb sap from (a tree, etc.)."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
],
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{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"The juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition.",
"The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree.",
"Any juice.",
"Vitality."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
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