*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of sail

From Middle English saile, sayle, seil, seyl, from Old English seġl, from Proto-West Germanic *segl, from Proto-Germanic *seglą. Cognate with West Frisian seil, Low German Segel, Dutch zeil, German Segel, Danish sejl, Sw

2 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 2 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
noun

A piece of fabric attached to a boat and arranged such that it causes the wind to drive the boat along. The sail may be attached to the boat via a combination of mast, spars and ropes. · The concept of a sail or sails, as if a substance. · The power harnessed by a sail or sails, or the use of this power for travel or transport. · A trip in a boat, especially a sailboat.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English saile, sayle, seil, seyl, from Old English seġl, from Proto-West Germanic *segl, from Proto-Germanic *seglą. Cognate with West Frisian seil, Low German Segel, Dutch zeil, German Segel, Danish sejl, Swedish segel.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionsaileenm
  • Inherited-form mentionseġlang
  • Inherited-form mention*seglgmw-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*seglągem-pro
  • Cognate mentionseilfy
  • Cognate mentionSegelnds
  • Cognate mentionzeilnl
  • Cognate mentionSegelde
  • Cognate mentionsejlda
  • Cognate mentionsegelsv

This page abbreviates 8 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:saile<ety:inh<ang:seġl>>",
        "id": "Q25999"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*segl\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"seġl\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"saile\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"sail\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"Q25999\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"sail\" id=\"English:_Q25999\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "saile"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English saile"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "seġl"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English seġl"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*segl"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *segl"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*seglą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *seglą"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "seil"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian seil"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "Segel"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German Segel"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "zeil"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch zeil"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Segel"
      },
      "expansion": "German Segel"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "sejl"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish sejl"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "segel"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish segel"
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:saile<ety:inh<ang:seġl>>",
        "id": "Q25999"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "saile",
      "saile#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "sayle",
      "sayle#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "seil",
      "seil#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "seyl",
      "seyl#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "seġl",
      "segl#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*segl",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/segl"
    ],
    [
      "*seglą",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/seglą"
    ],
    [
      "seil",
      "seil#West_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "Segel",
      "Segel#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "zeil",
      "zeil#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "Segel",
      "Segel#German"
    ],
    [
      "sejl",
      "sejl#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "segel",
      "segel#Swedish"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A piece of fabric attached to a boat and arranged such that it causes the wind to drive the boat along. The sail may be attached to the boat via a combination of mast, spars and ropes.",
        "The concept of a sail or sails, as if a substance.",
        "The power harnessed by a sail or sails, or the use of this power for travel or transport.",
        "A trip in a boat, especially a sailboat."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "recordId": "c1bf65163bc9541aeffdbb052e55fd366929c417a68f0f9051a0e5a3cac18464",
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      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 150791
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
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    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 8,
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  }
}

Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
verb

To be impelled or driven forward by the action of wind upon sails, as a ship on water; to be impelled on a body of water by steam or other power. · To move through or on the water; to swim, as a fish or a waterfowl. · To ride in a boat, especially a sailboat. · To set sail; to begin a voyage.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English sailen, saylen, seilen, seilien, from Old English seġlan, siġlan (“to sail”), from Proto-West Germanic *siglijan, from *siglijaną. Cognate with West Frisian sile, Low German seilen, Dutch zeilen, German segeln, Danish sejle, Swedish segla, Icelandic sigla.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

This page abbreviates 3 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "sailen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English sailen"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "seġlan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English seġlan"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*siglijan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *siglijan"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "sile"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian sile"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "seilen"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German seilen"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "zeilen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch zeilen"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "segeln"
      },
      "expansion": "German segeln"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "sejle"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish sejle"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "segla"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish segla"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "sigla"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic sigla"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "sailen",
      "sailen#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "saylen",
      "saylen#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "seilen",
      "seilen#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "seilien",
      "seilien#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "seġlan",
      "seglan#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "siġlan",
      "siglan#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*siglijan",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/siglijan"
    ],
    [
      "*siglijaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/siglijaną"
    ],
    [
      "sile",
      "sile#West_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "seilen",
      "seilen#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "zeilen",
      "zeilen#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "segeln",
      "segeln#German"
    ],
    [
      "sejle",
      "sejle#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "segla",
      "segla#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "sigla",
      "sigla#Icelandic"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To be impelled or driven forward by the action of wind upon sails, as a ship on water; to be impelled on a body of water by steam or other power.",
        "To move through or on the water; to swim, as a fish or a waterfowl.",
        "To ride in a boat, especially a sailboat.",
        "To set sail; to begin a voyage."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ],
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  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for sail →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-c2FpbA