Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗To make melancholy; to sadden or grieve (someone).
Expressing contempt, ridicule or disgust; bah!
Feeling sorrow; sorrowful, mournful. · Appearing sorrowful. · Causing sorrow; lamentable. · Poor in quality, bad; shameful, deplorable; later, regrettable, poor.
From Middle English sad, from Old English sæd (“satisfied, full, sated, unable to handle more, weary”), from Proto-West Germanic *sad, from Proto-Germanic *sadaz (“sated, satisfied”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to satiate, satisfy”). Cognate to Saterland Frisian sääd, West Frisian sêd, Dutch zat, German Low German satt, German satt. The interjection sense is a reference to frequent usage of the word as an interjection in the tweets of Donald Trump, President of the United States (2017–2021; since 2025)); a Trumpism.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*seh₂-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionsadenm
- Inherited-form mentionsædang · satisfied, full, sated, unable to handle more, weary
- Inherited-form mention*sadgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*sadazgem-pro · sated, satisfied
- Derivation mention*seh₂-ine-pro · to satiate, satisfy
- Cognate mentionsäädstq
- Cognate mentionsêdfy
- Cognate mentionzatnl
- Cognate mentionsattde
This page abbreviates 8 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "wp",
"args": {},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*seh₂-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sad"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sad"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sæd",
"t": "satisfied, full, sated, unable to handle more, weary"
},
"expansion": "Old English sæd (“satisfied, full, sated, unable to handle more, weary”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sad"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sad"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sadaz",
"t": "sated, satisfied"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sadaz (“sated, satisfied”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*seh₂-",
"t": "to satiate, satisfy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to satiate, satisfy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "sääd"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian sääd"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "sêd"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian sêd"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zat"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zat"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "satt"
},
"expansion": "German Low German satt"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "satt"
},
"expansion": "German satt"
},
{
"name": "person",
"args": {
"1": "Q22686",
"comma": "1"
},
"expansion": "Donald Trump, President of the United States (2017–2021; since 2025)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"sad",
"sad#Middle_English"
],
[
"sæd",
"sæd#Old_English"
],
[
"*sad",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sad"
],
[
"*sadaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sadaz"
],
[
"*seh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/seh₂-"
],
[
"sääd",
"sääd#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"sêd",
"sêd#West_Frisian"
],
[
"zat",
"zat#Dutch"
],
[
"satt",
"satt#Low_German"
],
[
"satt",
"satt#German"
],
[
"Trumpism",
"Trumpism#Noun"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To make melancholy; to sadden or grieve (someone)."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
],
"recordId": "3a6904e8670d0943dbbd74db5feb84854e6195df3da54f2e94ba798ac462dc14",
"rawRecordSha256": "b0c54b816cb052e70b2d3e739ca778cb99c70c36c2a8d8ee6310d7e2de21064d",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 181925
},
{
"pos": "intj",
"glosses": [
"Expressing contempt, ridicule or disgust; bah!"
],
"tags": [
"Internet",
"humorous",
"sometimes"
],
"recordId": "4569befaf8b457edc5402fd3129b65a0c838fe6542b5ac878d9117c1f754ff0f",
"rawRecordSha256": "d58960f39cdf36e7a51bf0fcca33abf7f69d6ec058ad44c8c23d88da4af87db8",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 181926
},
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Feeling sorrow; sorrowful, mournful.",
"Appearing sorrowful.",
"Causing sorrow; lamentable.",
"Poor in quality, bad; shameful, deplorable; later, regrettable, poor."
],
"tags": [],
"recordId": "b443f1c46c916f64a165ad40fb380221390b3fb643b13b4996d3ee4ea4006c5b",
"rawRecordSha256": "f855bf02e1fd46f1bd02c40b90c4263ce39277b5ff2bf30e363ca219456f1d24",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 181924
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 8,
"glosses": 0
}
}