Etymology of sour

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗

verb

To make sour. · To become sour. · To spoil or mar; to make disenchanted. · To become disenchanted.

adj

Tasting of acidity. · Made rancid by fermentation, etc. · Tasting or smelling rancid. · Hostile or unfriendly.

noun

The sensation of a sour taste. · A drink made with whiskey, lemon or lime juice and sugar. · Any cocktail containing lemon or lime juice. · A sweet/candy having a sharply sour taste.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *súHros Proto-Germanic *sūraz Proto-West Germanic *sūr Old English sūr Middle English sour English sour From Middle English sour, from Old English sūr (“sour”), from Proto-West Germanic *sūr, from Proto-Germanic *sūraz (“sour”), from Proto-Indo-European *súHros (“sour”). Cognate with West Frisian soer, Dutch zuur (“sour”), Low German suur, German sauer (“sour”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish sur (“sour”), French sur (“sour”), Faroese súrur (“sour”), Icelandic súr (“sour, bitter”), Polish ser (“cheese”), Czech sýr (“cheese”), Slovak syr (“cheese”), Russian сырой (syroj, “raw”), Ukrainian сири́й (syrýj, “raw”), Old Church Slavonic сꙑръ (syrŭ, “moist, cheese”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inherited-form mentionsourenm
Inherited-form mentionsūrang · sour
Inherited-form mention*sūrgmw-pro
Inherited-form mention*sūrazgem-pro
Derivation mention*súHrosine-pro · sour
Cognate mentionsoerfy
Cognate mentionzuurnl · sour
Cognate mentionsuurnds
Cognate mentionsauerde · sour
Cognate mentionsurfr · sour
Cognate mentionsúrurfo · sour
Cognate mentionsúris · sour, bitter
Cognate mentionserpl · cheese
Cognate mentionsýrcs · cheese
Cognate mentionsyrsk · cheese
Cognate mentionсыройru · raw
Cognate mentionсири́йuk · raw
Cognate mentionсꙑръcu · moist, cheese

This page abbreviates 9 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:sour",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *súHros\nProto-Germanic *sūraz\nProto-West Germanic *sūr\nOld English sūr\nMiddle English sour\nEnglish sour\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sūraz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sūr\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"sūr\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"sour\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"sour\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"sour\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "sour"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English sour"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sūr",
        "t": "sour"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sūr (“sour”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*sūr"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sūr"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*sūraz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "sour"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sūraz (“sour”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*súHros",
        "t": "sour"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *súHros (“sour”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "soer"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian soer"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "zuur",
        "t": "sour"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch zuur (“sour”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "suur"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German suur"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "sauer",
        "t": "sour"
      },
      "expansion": "German sauer (“sour”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da,nb,nn,sv",
        "2": "sur",
        "t": "sour"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish sur (“sour”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "sur",
        "t": "sour"
      },
      "expansion": "French sur (“sour”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fo",
        "2": "súrur",
        "t": "sour"
      },
      "expansion": "Faroese súrur (“sour”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "súr",
        "t": "sour, bitter"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic súr (“sour, bitter”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "ser",
        "t": "cheese"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish ser (“cheese”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "sýr",
        "t": "cheese"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech sýr (“cheese”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sk",
        "2": "syr",
        "t": "cheese"
      },
      "expansion": "Slovak syr (“cheese”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "сырой",
        "t": "raw"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian сырой (syroj, “raw”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "сири́й",
        "t": "raw"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian сири́й (syrýj, “raw”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "сꙑръ",
        "t": "moist, cheese"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic сꙑръ (syrŭ, “moist, cheese”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:sour",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *súHros\nProto-Germanic *sūraz\nProto-West Germanic *sūr\nOld English sūr\nMiddle English sour\nEnglish sour"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*súHros",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/súHros"
    ],
    [
      "*sūraz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sūraz"
    ],
    [
      "*sūr",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sūr"
    ],
    [
      "sūr",
      "sur#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "sour",
      "sour#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "sour",
      "sour#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "sūr",
      "sur#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*sūr",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sūr"
    ],
    [
      "*sūraz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sūraz"
    ],
    [
      "*súHros",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/súHros"
    ],
    [
      "soer",
      "soer#West_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "zuur",
      "zuur#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "suur",
      "suur#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "sauer",
      "sauer#German"
    ],
    [
      "Danish",
      "sur#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sur#Norwegian_Bokmål"
    ],
    [
      "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sur#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
    ],
    [
      "sur",
      "sur#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "sur",
      "sur#French"
    ],
    [
      "súrur",
      "súrur#Faroese"
    ],
    [
      "súr",
      "súr#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "ser",
      "ser#Polish"
    ],
    [
      "sýr",
      "sýr#Czech"
    ],
    [
      "syr",
      "syr#Slovak"
    ],
    [
      "сырой",
      "сырой#Russian"
    ],
    [
      "сири́й",
      "сирий#Ukrainian"
    ],
    [
      "сꙑръ",
      "сꙑръ#Old_Church_Slavonic"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To make sour.",
        "To become sour.",
        "To spoil or mar; to make disenchanted.",
        "To become disenchanted."
      ],
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        "intransitive"
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    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "Tasting of acidity.",
        "Made rancid by fermentation, etc.",
        "Tasting or smelling rancid.",
        "Hostile or unfriendly."
      ],
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    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "The sensation of a sour taste.",
        "A drink made with whiskey, lemon or lime juice and sugar.",
        "Any cocktail containing lemon or lime juice.",
        "A sweet/candy having a sharply sour taste."
      ],
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  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 9,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

The source etymologies

Unnumbered source etymology

Relationships mentioned by the source

Where this record stops

Source and snapshot