Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗verb
To endow with a soul or mind. · To beg on All Soul's Day.
adj
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryCharacteristic of or pertaining to African American culture.
Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *saiwalō Proto-West Germanic *saiwalu Old English sāwol Middle English soule English soul From Middle English soule, sowle, saule, sawle, from Old English sāwol (“soul, life, spirit, being”), from Proto-West Germanic *saiwalu, from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō (“soul”), of an uncertain ultimate origin (see there for further information). Cognates Cognate with Scots saul, sowel (“soul”), Saterland Frisian Seele (“soul”), West Frisian siel (“soul”), Alemannic German Seel (“soul”), Central Franconian Siel (“soul”), Dutch ziel (“soul”), German Seele (“soul”), German Low German Seel (“soul”), Luxembourgish Séil (“soul, spirit”), Vilamovian zejł, zəjł, zyił (“soul”), Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌰 (saiwala, “soul”). Scandinavian homonyms seem to have been borrowed from Old Saxon sēola. Modern Danish sjæl (“soul”), Icelandic sál (“soul”), Norwegian Bokmål sjel (“soul”), Norwegian Nynorsk sjel, sål (“soul”), Swedish själ (“soul”), Finnish sielu (“soul”) may have come from Old English sāwol.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionsouleenm
- Inherited-form mentionsāwolang · soul, life, spirit, being
- Inherited-form mention*saiwalugmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*saiwalōgem-pro · soul
- Cognate mentionsaulsco
- Cognate mentionSeelestq · soul
- Cognate mentionsielfy · soul
- Cognate mentionSeelgsw · soul
- Cognate mentionSielgmw-cfr · soul
- Cognate mentionzielnl · soul
- Cognate mentionSeelede · soul
- Cognate mentionSéillb · soul, spirit
- Cognate mentionzejłwym
- Cognate mention𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌰got · soul
- Cognate mentionsēolaosx
- Cognate mentionsjælda · soul
- Cognate mentionsális · soul
- Cognate mentionsjelnb · soul
- Cognate mentionsjelnn
- Cognate mentionsjälsv · soul
- Cognate mentionsielufi · soul
- Cognate mentionsāwolang
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:soule",
"id": "spirit",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *saiwalō\nProto-West Germanic *saiwalu\nOld English sāwol\nMiddle English soule\nEnglish soul\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*saiwalu\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"sāwol\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"soule\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"soul\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"spirit\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"soul\" id=\"English:_spirit\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "soule"
},
"expansion": "Middle English soule"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sāwol",
"t": "soul, life, spirit, being"
},
"expansion": "Old English sāwol (“soul, life, spirit, being”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*saiwalu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *saiwalu"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*saiwalō",
"t": "soul"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *saiwalō (“soul”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "saul"
},
"expansion": "Scots saul"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Seele",
"t": "soul"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Seele (“soul”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "siel",
"t": "soul"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian siel (“soul”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Seel",
"t": "soul"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German Seel (“soul”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "Siel",
"t": "soul"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian Siel (“soul”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ziel",
"t": "soul"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ziel (“soul”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Seele",
"t": "soul"
},
"expansion": "German Seele (“soul”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Seel",
"t": "soul"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Seel (“soul”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Séil",
"t": "soul, spirit"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish Séil (“soul, spirit”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "zejł"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian zejł"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌰",
"t": "soul"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌰 (saiwala, “soul”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "sēola"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon sēola"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "sjæl",
"t": "soul"
},
"expansion": "Danish sjæl (“soul”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "sál",
"t": "soul"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic sál (“soul”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "sjel",
"t": "soul"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål sjel (“soul”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "sjel"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk sjel"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "själ",
"t": "soul"
},
"expansion": "Swedish själ (“soul”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "sielu",
"t": "soul"
},
"expansion": "Finnish sielu (“soul”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sāwol"
},
"expansion": "Old English sāwol"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:soule",
"id": "spirit",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *saiwalō\nProto-West Germanic *saiwalu\nOld English sāwol\nMiddle English soule\nEnglish soul"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*saiwalō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/saiwalō"
],
[
"*saiwalu",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/saiwalu"
],
[
"sāwol",
"sawol#Old_English"
],
[
"soule",
"soule#Middle_English"
],
[
"soule",
"soule#Middle_English"
],
[
"sowle",
"sowle#Middle_English"
],
[
"saule",
"saule#Middle_English"
],
[
"sawle",
"sawle#Middle_English"
],
[
"sāwol",
"sawol#Old_English"
],
[
"*saiwalu",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/saiwalu"
],
[
"*saiwalō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/saiwalō"
],
[
"saul",
"saul#Scots"
],
[
"sowel",
"sowel#Scots"
],
[
"Seele",
"Seele#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"siel",
"siel#West_Frisian"
],
[
"Seel",
"Seel#Alemannic_German"
],
[
"Siel",
"Siel#Central_Franconian"
],
[
"ziel",
"ziel#Dutch"
],
[
"Seele",
"Seele#German"
],
[
"Seel",
"Seel#Low_German"
],
[
"Séil",
"Séil#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"zejł",
"zejł#Vilamovian"
],
[
"zəjł",
"zəjł#Vilamovian"
],
[
"zyił",
"zyił#Vilamovian"
],
[
"𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌰",
"𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌰#Gothic"
],
[
"sēola",
"seola#Old_Saxon"
],
[
"sjæl",
"sjæl#Danish"
],
[
"sál",
"sál#Icelandic"
],
[
"sjel",
"sjel#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"sjel",
"sjel#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"sål",
"sål#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"själ",
"själ#Swedish"
],
[
"sielu",
"sielu#Finnish"
],
[
"sāwol",
"sawol#Old_English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To endow with a soul or mind.",
"To beg on All Soul's Day."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
],
"recordId": "a3706d10b1e240a1aa6132531783ff143302d966b09fe70f8faa3847b4d15168",
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 171604
},
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Characteristic of or pertaining to African American culture."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"recordId": "af373a859609ad52c2ef1a56d8b6bdfc56ad3fc60a83db9b046816bebed36517",
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],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}