Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗Prone; tending to. · face-down; prostrate.
From Middle English newel, niwel (“right down”, adverb), from Old English nēol, nȳwol, nēowol, neowol, niwol, nihol (“precipitous, headlong, prone, prostrate, obscure, deep down, low, profound, abysmal”), of uncertain origin. Possibly a variant of nifol (“dark, gloomy, obscure”), from Proto-West Germanic *nebul, from Proto-Germanic *nibulaz, *nebulaz (“mist, fog”), from Proto-Indo-European *nébʰelos, from *nébʰos (“cloud, mist, moisture”); or more likely, from Proto-Germanic *nīhwulaz (“descending; low”), from Proto-Indo-European *kneygʷʰ- (“to tend; incline; lean toward; bend”), from *ken- (“to press; pinch; kink”). If derived from *nibulaz, then cognate with Dutch nevel (“mist, fog, haze”), German Nebel (“fog, mist, haze, nebula”), Icelandic nifl (“fog, darkness”), Icelandic njól (“mist, night, darkness”), Latin nebula (“fog, cloud, vapour”), Ancient Greek νέφος (néphos, “cloud”). If derived from *nīhwulaz, then cognate Old Frisian niwul, Middle Low German nīgel, nugel, nule, nūl (“forwards; forward over”), Middle Dutch niel (“thrown forward on the ground; prostrate”) (Dutch nuul-, vernielen).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionnewelenm
- Inherited-form mentionnēolang
- Derivation mention*nebulgmw-pro
- Derivation mention*nibulazgem-pro
- Derivation mention*nébʰelosine-pro
- Derivation mention*nīhwulazgem-pro
- Derivation mention*kneygʷʰ-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionnevelnl
- Cognate mentionNebelde
- Cognate mentionniflis
- Cognate mentionnjólis
- Cognate mentionnebulala
- Cognate mentionνέφοςgrc
- Cognate mentionniwulofs
- Cognate mentionnīgelgml
- Cognate mentionnieldum
- Cognate mentionnuul-nl
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "newel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English newel"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "nēol"
},
"expansion": "Old English nēol"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*nebul"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *nebul"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*nibulaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *nibulaz"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*nébʰelos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *nébʰelos"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*nīhwulaz",
"4": "",
"5": "descending; low"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *nīhwulaz (“descending; low”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kneygʷʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to tend; incline; lean toward; bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kneygʷʰ- (“to tend; incline; lean toward; bend”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "nevel",
"3": "",
"4": "mist, fog, haze"
},
"expansion": "Dutch nevel (“mist, fog, haze”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Nebel",
"3": "",
"4": "fog, mist, haze, nebula"
},
"expansion": "German Nebel (“fog, mist, haze, nebula”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "nifl",
"3": "",
"4": "fog, darkness"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic nifl (“fog, darkness”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "njól",
"3": "",
"4": "mist, night, darkness"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic njól (“mist, night, darkness”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nebula",
"3": "",
"4": "fog, cloud, vapour"
},
"expansion": "Latin nebula (“fog, cloud, vapour”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νέφος",
"3": "",
"4": "cloud"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek νέφος (néphos, “cloud”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "niwul"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian niwul"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "nīgel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German nīgel"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "niel",
"3": "",
"4": "thrown forward on the ground; prostrate"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch niel (“thrown forward on the ground; prostrate”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "nuul-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch nuul-"
}
],
"links": [
[
"newel",
"newel#Middle_English"
],
[
"niwel",
"niwel#Middle_English"
],
[
"nēol",
"neol#Old_English"
],
[
"nȳwol",
"nywol#Old_English"
],
[
"nēowol",
"neowol#Old_English"
],
[
"neowol",
"neowol#Old_English"
],
[
"niwol",
"niwol#Old_English"
],
[
"nihol",
"nihol#Old_English"
],
[
"nifol",
"nifol#Old_English"
],
[
"*nebul",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/nebul"
],
[
"*nibulaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nibulaz"
],
[
"*nebulaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nebulaz"
],
[
"*nébʰelos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/nébʰelos"
],
[
"*nébʰos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/nébʰos"
],
[
"*nīhwulaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nīhwulaz"
],
[
"*kneygʷʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kneygʷʰ-"
],
[
"*ken-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ken-"
],
[
"nevel",
"nevel#Dutch"
],
[
"Nebel",
"Nebel#German"
],
[
"nifl",
"nifl#Icelandic"
],
[
"njól",
"njól#Icelandic"
],
[
"nebula",
"nebula#Latin"
],
[
"νέφος",
"νέφος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"niwul",
"niwul#Old_Frisian"
],
[
"nīgel",
"nigel#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"nugel",
"nugel#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"nule",
"nule#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"nūl",
"nul#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"niel",
"niel#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"nuul-",
"nuul-#Dutch"
],
[
"vernielen",
"vernielen#Dutch"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Prone; tending to.",
"face-down; prostrate."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"obsolete"
],
"recordId": "d7d45370ed65a5342c77fd085b93803d6dcc1e582bca3be466f72f5a52c535d4",
"rawRecordSha256": "7b4984ad6b7af7eb2bd3b9aefc053ccc3af9e2155ba5fac26dd231de50724f7e",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 4024024
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
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}
}