Etymology of nine

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗

noun

The digit or figure 9. · A playing card with nine pips. · A nine-millimeter semi-automatic pistol. · A statistical unit of proportion (of reliability, purity, etc.), counting the number of digits nine in a percentage.

num

A numerical value equal to 9; the number following eight and preceding ten. · Describing a group or set with nine elements.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

PIE word *h₁néwn̥ Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥ Proto-Germanic *newunt Proto-Germanic *newun Proto-West Germanic *neun Proto-West Germanic *nigun Old English nigon Middle English nyn English nine From Middle English nyn, nyne, from Old English nigon (“nine”), from Proto-West Germanic *neun, from Proto-Germanic *newun (“nine”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥ (“nine”). Cognate with Scots neen, nine (“nine”), Saterland Frisian njúgen (“nine”), West Frisian njoggen (“nine”), Dutch negen (“nine”), German Low German negen (“nine”), German neun (“nine”), Danish ni (“nine”), Swedish nio (“nine”), Icelandic níu (“nine”), Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽 (niun, “nine”), Latin novem (“nine”), Ancient Greek ἐννέα (ennéa, “nine”), Sanskrit नव (náva, “nine”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inherited-form mentionnynenm
Inherited-form mentionnigonang · nine
Inherited-form mention*neungmw-pro
Inherited-form mention*newungem-pro · nine
Inherited-form mention*h₁néwn̥ine-pro · nine
Cognate mentionneensco
Cognate mentionnjúgenstq · nine
Cognate mentionnjoggenfy · nine
Cognate mentionnegennl · nine
Cognate mentionneunde · nine
Cognate mentionnida · nine
Cognate mentionniosv · nine
Cognate mentionníuis · nine
Cognate mention𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽got · nine
Cognate mentionnovemla · nine
Cognate mentionἐννέαgrc · nine
Cognate mentionनवsa · nine

This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro"
      },
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      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European"
    },
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        "2": "h₁néwn̥"
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    },
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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
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      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥\nProto-Germanic *newunt\nProto-Germanic *newun\nProto-West Germanic *neun\nProto-West Germanic *nigun\nOld English nigon\nMiddle English nyn\nEnglish nine\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*newunt\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*newun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*neun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*nigun\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"nigon\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"nyn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"nine\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"nine\">"
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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "nigon",
        "t": "nine"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English nigon (“nine”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*neun"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *neun"
    },
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      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*newun",
        "t": "nine"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *newun (“nine”)"
    },
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      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁néwn̥",
        "t": "nine"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥ (“nine”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "neen"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots neen"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "njúgen",
        "t": "nine"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian njúgen (“nine”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "njoggen",
        "t": "nine"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian njoggen (“nine”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "negen",
        "t": "nine"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch negen (“nine”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "negen",
        "t": "nine"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German negen (“nine”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "neun",
        "t": "nine"
      },
      "expansion": "German neun (“nine”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "ni",
        "t": "nine"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish ni (“nine”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "nio",
        "t": "nine"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish nio (“nine”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "níu",
        "t": "nine"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic níu (“nine”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽",
        "t": "nine"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽 (niun, “nine”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "novem",
        "t": "nine"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin novem (“nine”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἐννέα",
        "t": "nine"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐννέα (ennéa, “nine”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "नव",
        "t": "nine",
        "tr": "náva"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit नव (náva, “nine”)"
    },
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        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:nyn",
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      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥\nProto-Germanic *newunt\nProto-Germanic *newun\nProto-West Germanic *neun\nProto-West Germanic *nigun\nOld English nigon\nMiddle English nyn\nEnglish nine"
    }
  ],
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      "*h₁néwn̥",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁néwn̥"
    ],
    [
      "*h₁néwn̥",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁néwn̥"
    ],
    [
      "*newunt",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/newunt"
    ],
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      "*newun",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/newun"
    ],
    [
      "*neun",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/neun"
    ],
    [
      "*nigun",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/nigun"
    ],
    [
      "nigon",
      "nigon#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "nyn",
      "nyn#Middle_English"
    ],
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      "nyn",
      "nyn#Middle_English"
    ],
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      "nyne",
      "nyne#Middle_English"
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      "nigon",
      "nigon#Old_English"
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      "*newun",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/newun"
    ],
    [
      "*h₁néwn̥",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁néwn̥"
    ],
    [
      "neen",
      "neen#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "nine",
      "nine#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "njúgen",
      "njúgen#Saterland_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "njoggen",
      "njoggen#West_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "negen",
      "negen#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "negen",
      "negen#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "neun",
      "neun#German"
    ],
    [
      "ni",
      "ni#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "nio",
      "nio#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "níu",
      "níu#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽",
      "𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽#Gothic"
    ],
    [
      "novem",
      "novem#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "ἐννέα",
      "ἐννέα#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "नव",
      "नव#Sanskrit"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "The digit or figure 9.",
        "A playing card with nine pips.",
        "A nine-millimeter semi-automatic pistol.",
        "A statistical unit of proportion (of reliability, purity, etc.), counting the number of digits nine in a percentage."
      ],
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      "pos": "num",
      "glosses": [
        "A numerical value equal to 9; the number following eight and preceding ten.",
        "Describing a group or set with nine elements."
      ],
      "tags": [],
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    "lexicalSenses": 1,
    "glosses": 0
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}

The source etymologies

Unnumbered source etymology

Relationships mentioned by the source

Where this record stops

Source and snapshot