Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo sneeze.
From Middle English nesen, from Old English *hnēosan (“to sneeze”), from Proto-West Germanic *hneusan, from Proto-Germanic *hneusaną (“to sneeze”), from a merger of Proto-Indo-European *(s)knus- (“to sneeze”) and Proto-Indo-European *pnew- (“to gasp, pant, breathe”). See sneeze. Compare Dutch niezen, German niesen, Swedish nysa
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "nesen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English nesen"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*hnēosan",
"t": "to sneeze"
},
"expansion": "Old English *hnēosan (“to sneeze”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
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"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hneusan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hneusan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hneusaną",
"t": "to sneeze"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hneusaną (“to sneeze”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
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"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)knus-",
"t": "to sneeze"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)knus- (“to sneeze”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pnew-",
"t": "to gasp, pant, breathe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pnew- (“to gasp, pant, breathe”)"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "niezen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch niezen"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "niesen"
},
"expansion": "German niesen"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nysa"
},
"expansion": "Swedish nysa"
}
],
"links": [
[
"nesen",
"nesen#Middle_English"
],
[
"*hnēosan",
"Reconstruction:Old English/hneosan"
],
[
"*hneusan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hneusan"
],
[
"*hneusaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hneusaną"
],
[
"*(s)knus-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)knus-"
],
[
"*pnew-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pnew-"
],
[
"sneeze",
"sneeze#English"
],
[
"niezen",
"niezen#Dutch"
],
[
"niesen",
"niesen#German"
],
[
"nysa",
"nysa#Swedish"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To sneeze."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"intransitive"
],
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"lexicalRecords": 0,
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}
}