Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗The horny plate or appendage at the ends of the digits of various animals, including most reptiles, birds, and mammals (both nonhuman and human). · The thin, flat type of such a plate on the fingers and toes of humans, chimpanzees and some other primates. · The basal thickened portion of the anterior wings of certain hemiptera. · The terminal horny plate on the beak of ducks and other allied birds.
From Middle English nail, nayl, Old English næġl, from Proto-West Germanic *nagl, from Proto-Germanic *naglaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃nogʰ- (“nail”). Cognates Compare North Frisian Nail (“nail”), Saterland Frisian Nail (“nail”), West Frisian neil, German and Low German Nagel, Dutch and Swedish nagel, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål negl, Norwegian Nynorsk nagl, Finnish naula (“nail”), Estonian nael (“nail”), (compare Irish ionga, Latin unguis, Albanian nyell (“ankle, hard part of a limb”), Lithuanian nagas, Russian нога́ (nogá, “foot, leg”), но́готь (nógotʹ, “nail”), Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux), Persian ناخن (nâxon), Sanskrit नख (nakhá).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*h₃negʰ-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionnailenm
- Inherited-form mentionnæġlang
- Inherited-form mention*naglgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*naglazgem-pro
- Derivation mention*h₃nogʰ-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionNailfrr
- Cognate mentionNailstq
- Cognate mentionneilfy
- Cognate mentionnaglnn
- Cognate mentionnaulafi
- Cognate mentionnaelet
- Cognate mentioniongaga
- Cognate mentionunguisla
- Cognate mentionnyellsq
- Cognate mentionnagaslt
- Cognate mentionнога́ru
- Cognate mentionὄνυξgrc
- Cognate mentionناخنfa
- Cognate mentionनखsa
This page abbreviates 3 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
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"name": "root",
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"1": "en",
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"3": "*h₃negʰ-"
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{
"name": "inh",
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"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "nail"
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"expansion": "Middle English nail"
},
{
"name": "inh",
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"2": "ang",
"3": "næġl"
},
"expansion": "Old English næġl"
},
{
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"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*nagl"
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{
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"5": "nail"
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"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃nogʰ- (“nail”)"
},
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"name": "col-top",
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"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
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"2": "Nail",
"3": "",
"4": "nail"
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"expansion": "North Frisian Nail (“nail”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Nail",
"3": "",
"4": "nail"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Nail (“nail”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "neil"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian neil"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de,nds",
"2": "Nagel"
},
"expansion": "German and Low German Nagel"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl,sv",
"2": "nagel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch and Swedish nagel"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da,nb",
"2": "negl"
},
"expansion": "Danish and Norwegian Bokmål negl"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "nagl"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk nagl"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "naula",
"3": "",
"4": "nail"
},
"expansion": "Finnish naula (“nail”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "nael",
"3": "",
"4": "nail"
},
"expansion": "Estonian nael (“nail”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ionga"
},
"expansion": "Irish ionga"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "unguis"
},
"expansion": "Latin unguis"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "nyell",
"3": "",
"4": "ankle, hard part of a limb"
},
"expansion": "Albanian nyell (“ankle, hard part of a limb”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "nagas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian nagas"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "нога́",
"3": "",
"4": "foot, leg"
},
"expansion": "Russian нога́ (nogá, “foot, leg”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὄνυξ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ناخن",
"tr": "nâxon"
},
"expansion": "Persian ناخن (nâxon)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "नख",
"tr": "nakhá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit नख (nakhá)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"nail",
"nail#Middle_English"
],
[
"nayl",
"nayl#Middle_English"
],
[
"næġl",
"nægl#Old_English"
],
[
"*nagl",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/nagl"
],
[
"*naglaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/naglaz"
],
[
"*h₃nogʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃nogʰ-"
],
[
"Nail",
"Nail#North_Frisian"
],
[
"Nail",
"Nail#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"neil",
"neil#West_Frisian"
],
[
"German",
"Nagel#German"
],
[
"Nagel",
"Nagel#Low_German"
],
[
"Dutch",
"nagel#Dutch"
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[
"nagel",
"nagel#Swedish"
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[
"Danish",
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],
[
"negl",
"negl#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"nagl",
"nagl#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"naula",
"naula#Finnish"
],
[
"nael",
"nael#Estonian"
],
[
"ionga",
"ionga#Irish"
],
[
"unguis",
"unguis#Latin"
],
[
"nyell",
"nyell#Albanian"
],
[
"nagas",
"nagas#Lithuanian"
],
[
"нога́",
"нога#Russian"
],
[
"но́готь",
"ноготь#Russian"
],
[
"ὄνυξ",
"ὄνυξ#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"ناخن",
"ناخن#Persian"
],
[
"नख",
"नख#Sanskrit"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"The horny plate or appendage at the ends of the digits of various animals, including most reptiles, birds, and mammals (both nonhuman and human).",
"The thin, flat type of such a plate on the fingers and toes of humans, chimpanzees and some other primates.",
"The basal thickened portion of the anterior wings of certain hemiptera.",
"The terminal horny plate on the beak of ducks and other allied birds."
],
"tags": [
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],
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