Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗noun
An instance of using the word "not"; a negation or denial. · Alternative letter-case form of NOT (“unary operation on logical values that changes true to false, and false to true”).
conj
And not.
adv
Negates the meaning of the modified verb. · To no degree. · Used to indicate the opposite or near opposite, often in a form of understatement. · Used before a determiner phrase, a pronominal phrase etc. to convey a negative attitude (e.g. denial, sadness, anger) towards something.
intj
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryUsed to indicate that the previous phrase was meant sarcastically or ironically.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Germanic *ne Proto-West Germanic *ne Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- Proto-Indo-European *-u Proto-Indo-European *h₂óyu Proto-Indo-European *-osinflu. Proto-Germanic *aiwaz Proto-West Germanic *aiw univ. Proto-West Germanic *naiw Proto-Indo-European *wekʷ- Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *wékʷtisder.? Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *wéǵʰtisder.? Proto-Germanic *wihtą Proto-West Germanic *wiht Proto-West Germanic *naiwwiht Old English nāwiht Old English *nōht Middle English nought Middle English not English not From Middle English not, nat, a variant of noght, naht (“not, nothing”), from Old English *nōht, nāht (“nought, nothing”), shortening of nōwiht, nāwiht (“nothing”, literally “not anything”), from Proto-West Germanic *naiwwiht, corresponding to ne (“not”) + ōwiht, āwiht (“anything”), corresponding to ā (“ever, always”) + wiht (“thing, creature”). Cognate with Scots nat, naucht (“not”), Saterland Frisian nit (“not”), West Frisian net (“not”), Dutch niet (“not”), German nicht (“not”). Compare nought, naught and aught. More at no, wight, whit.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:not",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Germanic *ne\nProto-West Germanic *ne\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ey-\nProto-Indo-European *-u\nProto-Indo-European *h₂óyu\nProto-Indo-European *-osinflu.\nProto-Germanic *aiwaz\nProto-West Germanic *aiw\nuniv.\nProto-West Germanic *naiw\nProto-Indo-European *wekʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *wékʷtisder.?\nProto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *wéǵʰtisder.?\nProto-Germanic *wihtą\nProto-West Germanic *wiht\nProto-West Germanic *naiwwiht\nOld English nāwiht\nOld English *nōht\nMiddle English nought\nMiddle English not\nEnglish not\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ne\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ne\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"time\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"life\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂ey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-u\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂óyu\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"thematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*aiwaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*aiw\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Univerbation of\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"univerbation\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*naiw\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wekʷ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wékʷtis\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*weǵʰ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"action nouns\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wéǵʰtis\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wihtą\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wiht\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*naiwwiht\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"gloss\" : \"not\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : [ \"gem-pro\", \":inh\", \"ine-pro:*né\" ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ne\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ne\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"āwiht\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"nāwiht\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"*nōht\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"ne\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"ought\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"nought\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"not\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"not\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"not\">"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "not,nat"
},
"expansion": "Middle English not, nat"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*nōht,nāht",
"t": "nought, nothing"
},
"expansion": "Old English *nōht, nāht (“nought, nothing”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*naiwwiht"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *naiwwiht"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "nat"
},
"expansion": "Scots nat"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "nit",
"3": "",
"4": "not"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian nit (“not”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "net",
"3": "",
"4": "not"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian net (“not”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "niet",
"3": "",
"4": "not"
},
"expansion": "Dutch niet (“not”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "nicht",
"3": "",
"4": "not"
},
"expansion": "German nicht (“not”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:not",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Germanic *ne\nProto-West Germanic *ne\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ey-\nProto-Indo-European *-u\nProto-Indo-European *h₂óyu\nProto-Indo-European *-osinflu.\nProto-Germanic *aiwaz\nProto-West Germanic *aiw\nuniv.\nProto-West Germanic *naiw\nProto-Indo-European *wekʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *wékʷtisder.?\nProto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *wéǵʰtisder.?\nProto-Germanic *wihtą\nProto-West Germanic *wiht\nProto-West Germanic *naiwwiht\nOld English nāwiht\nOld English *nōht\nMiddle English nought\nMiddle English not\nEnglish not"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*né",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/né"
],
[
"*ne",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ne"
],
[
"*ne",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ne"
],
[
"*h₂ey-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ey-#Proto-Indo-European:_life"
],
[
"*h₂óyu",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂óyu"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_thematic"
],
[
"*aiwaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aiwaz"
],
[
"*aiw",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/aiw#Proto-West_Germanic:_time"
],
[
"*naiw",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/naiw"
],
[
"*wekʷ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wekʷ-"
],
[
"*-tis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tis"
],
[
"*wékʷtis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wékʷtis"
],
[
"*weǵʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weǵʰ-"
],
[
"*-tis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tis"
],
[
"*wéǵʰtis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wéǵʰtis"
],
[
"*wihtą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wihtą"
],
[
"*wiht",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wiht"
],
[
"*naiwwiht",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/naiwwiht"
],
[
"nāwiht",
"nawiht#Old_English"
],
[
"*nōht",
"Reconstruction:Old English/noht"
],
[
"nought",
"nought#Middle_English"
],
[
"not",
"not#Middle_English"
],
[
"not",
"not#Middle_English"
],
[
"nat",
"nat#Middle_English"
],
[
"noght",
"noght#Middle_English"
],
[
"naht",
"naht#Middle_English"
],
[
"*nōht",
"Reconstruction:Old English/noht"
],
[
"nāht",
"naht#Old_English"
],
[
"nōwiht",
"nowiht#Old_English"
],
[
"nāwiht",
"nawiht#Old_English"
],
[
"*naiwwiht",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/naiwwiht"
],
[
"ne",
"ne#Old_English"
],
[
"ōwiht",
"owiht#Old_English"
],
[
"āwiht",
"awiht#Old_English"
],
[
"ā",
"a/languages M to Z#Old_English"
],
[
"wiht",
"wiht#Old_English"
],
[
"nat",
"nat#Scots"
],
[
"naucht",
"naucht#Scots"
],
[
"nit",
"nit#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"net",
"net#West_Frisian"
],
[
"niet",
"niet#Dutch"
],
[
"nicht",
"nicht#German"
],
[
"nought",
"nought#English"
],
[
"naught",
"naught#English"
],
[
"aught",
"aught#English"
],
[
"no",
"no#English"
],
[
"wight",
"wight#English"
],
[
"whit",
"whit#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"An instance of using the word \"not\"; a negation or denial.",
"Alternative letter-case form of NOT (“unary operation on logical values that changes true to false, and false to true”)."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 18397
},
{
"pos": "conj",
"glosses": [
"And not."
],
"tags": [],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 18395
},
{
"pos": "adv",
"glosses": [
"Negates the meaning of the modified verb.",
"To no degree.",
"Used to indicate the opposite or near opposite, often in a form of understatement.",
"Used before a determiner phrase, a pronominal phrase etc. to convey a negative attitude (e.g. denial, sadness, anger) towards something."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
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{
"pos": "intj",
"glosses": [
"Used to indicate that the previous phrase was meant sarcastically or ironically."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
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