Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗A mixture of water and soil or fine grained sediment. · A plaster-like mixture used to texture or smooth drywall. · Wet concrete as it is being mixed, delivered and poured. · Willfully abusive, even slanderous remarks or claims, notably between political opponents.
To make muddy or dirty; to apply mud to (something). · To make turbid. · To go under the mud, as an eel does.
From Middle English mud, mudde, mode, probably a borrowing from Middle Dutch mod, modde or Middle Low German mudde, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *mud-, *mudra- (“mud”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *mū-, *mew- (“moist”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Mudde (“mud”), Middle High German mot (“mud”), Swedish modd (“slush”). Compare also suffixed variants English mother (“vinegar-forming sediment in alcohol”), West Frisian modder (“mud”), Dutch modder (“mud”), German Low German Mudder (“mud”), German Moder (“moldiness, mildew, decay”), Danish mudder (“mud”). Alternative etymology suggests the Proto-Germanic word is possibly borrowed from a Uralic language (compare e.g. Finnish muta (“mud”), Northern Sami mođđi (“mud”), Erzya мода (moda, “earth, ground”) from Proto-Uralic *muďa (“earth”)).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionmudenm
- Derivation mentionmoddum
- Derivation mentionmuddegml
- Derivation mention*mud-gem-pro
- Derivation mention*mū-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionMuddestq
- Cognate mentionmotgmh
- Cognate mentionmoddsv
- Cognate mentionmother#Etymology 3en
- Cognate mentionmodderfy
- Cognate mentionmoddernl
- Cognate mentionModerde
- Cognate mentionmudderda
- Cognate mentionmutafi
- Cognate mentionmođđise
- Cognate mentionмодаmyv
- Cognate mention*muďaurj-pro
This page abbreviates 10 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mud"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mud"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
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"2": "dum",
"3": "mod"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch mod"
},
{
"name": "der",
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"2": "gml",
"3": "mudde"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German mudde"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
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},
{
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},
{
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"3": "",
"4": "mud"
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},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "mot",
"3": "",
"4": "mud"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German mot (“mud”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
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"2": "modd",
"3": "",
"4": "slush"
},
"expansion": "Swedish modd (“slush”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mother#Etymology 3",
"3": "mother",
"4": "vinegar-forming sediment in alcohol"
},
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},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
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"2": "modder",
"3": "",
"4": "mud"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian modder (“mud”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "modder",
"3": "",
"4": "mud"
},
"expansion": "Dutch modder (“mud”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Mudder",
"3": "",
"4": "mud"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Mudder (“mud”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
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"2": "Moder",
"3": "",
"4": "moldiness, mildew, decay"
},
"expansion": "German Moder (“moldiness, mildew, decay”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
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"3": "",
"4": "mud"
},
"expansion": "Danish mudder (“mud”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
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},
"expansion": "Uralic"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "muta",
"3": "",
"4": "mud"
},
"expansion": "Finnish muta (“mud”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "mođđi",
"3": "",
"4": "mud"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami mođđi (“mud”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "мода",
"3": "",
"4": "earth, ground"
},
"expansion": "Erzya мода (moda, “earth, ground”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "*muďa",
"3": "",
"4": "earth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *muďa (“earth”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"mud",
"mud#Middle_English"
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[
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[
"mod",
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[
"modde",
"modde#Middle_Dutch"
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[
"mudde",
"mudde#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"*mud-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mud-"
],
[
"*mudra-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mudra-"
],
[
"*mū-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mū-"
],
[
"*mew-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mew-"
],
[
"Mudde",
"Mudde#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"mot",
"mot#Middle_High_German"
],
[
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],
[
"mother",
"mother#Etymology 3"
],
[
"modder",
"modder#West_Frisian"
],
[
"modder",
"modder#Dutch"
],
[
"Mudder",
"Mudder#Low_German"
],
[
"Moder",
"Moder#German"
],
[
"mudder",
"mudder#Danish"
],
[
"muta",
"muta#Finnish"
],
[
"mođđi",
"mođđi#Northern_Sami"
],
[
"мода",
"мода#Erzya"
],
[
"*muďa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/muďa"
]
],
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{
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"A mixture of water and soil or fine grained sediment.",
"A plaster-like mixture used to texture or smooth drywall.",
"Wet concrete as it is being mixed, delivered and poured.",
"Willfully abusive, even slanderous remarks or claims, notably between political opponents."
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"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To make muddy or dirty; to apply mud to (something).",
"To make turbid.",
"To go under the mud, as an eel does."
],
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