Etymology of mis-

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗

prefix

Bad or wrong; badly or wrongly. · Incorrect; incorrectly. · Failed; in a manner resulting in failure (to do, complete or achieve something). · Unintentional, accidental, mistaken; unintentionally, accidentally, mistakenly.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *mey-? Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂-der. Proto-Germanic *missaz Proto-Germanic *missa- Proto-West Germanic *missa- Old English mis- Middle English mys- English mis- From Middle English mys-, mis-, from Old English mis- (“mis-”), from Proto-West Germanic *missa-, from Proto-Germanic *missa- (“wrongly, badly, mis-”), from the adjective *missaz (whence also miss), from Proto-Indo-European *mitˢtós (“mutual, reciprocal”), from *meyt(h₂)- (“to replace, switch, exchange, swap”), extended from the root *mey- (“to change”). Cognate with Scots mis- (“mis-”), Dutch mis- (“mis-”), German miss-, mis- (“mis-”), Danish mis- (“mis-”), Swedish miss- (“mis-”), Icelandic mis- (“mis-”). Compare also French més-, mé- (“mis-”), from Old French mes- (“mis-”), from Frankish *mis-, *missa- (“mis-”), from the same Proto-Germanic source above.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Root classification mention*meyth₂-ine-pro
Inherited-form mentionmys-enm
Inherited-form mentionmis-ang
Inherited-form mention*missa-gmw-pro
Inherited-form mention*missa-gem-pro
Cognate mentionmis-sco
Cognate mentionmis-nl
Cognate mentionmiss-de
Cognate mentionmis-da
Cognate mentionmiss-sv
Cognate mentionmis-is
Cognate mentionmés-fr
Cognate mentionmes-fro

This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:mys-",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mey-?\nProto-Indo-European *meyth₂-der.\nProto-Germanic *missaz\nProto-Germanic *missa-\nProto-West Germanic *missa-\nOld English mis-\nMiddle English mys-\nEnglish mis-\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to change\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"change\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*meyth₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*missaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*missa-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*missa-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"mis-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"mys-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"mis-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"mis-\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*meyth₂-"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "mys-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English mys-"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "mis-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "mis-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English mis- (“mis-”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*missa-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *missa-"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*missa-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "wrongly, badly, mis-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *missa- (“wrongly, badly, mis-”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*mitˢtós",
        "5": "mutual, reciprocal"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mitˢtós (“mutual, reciprocal”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "mis-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mis-"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots mis- (“mis-”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "mis-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mis-"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch mis- (“mis-”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "miss-"
      },
      "expansion": "German miss-"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "mis-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mis-"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish mis- (“mis-”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "miss-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mis-"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish miss- (“mis-”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "mis-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mis-"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic mis- (“mis-”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "més-"
      },
      "expansion": "French més-"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "mes-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mis-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French mes- (“mis-”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*mis-"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *mis-"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:mys-",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mey-?\nProto-Indo-European *meyth₂-der.\nProto-Germanic *missaz\nProto-Germanic *missa-\nProto-West Germanic *missa-\nOld English mis-\nMiddle English mys-\nEnglish mis-"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*mey-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mey-#Proto-Indo-European:_change"
    ],
    [
      "*meyth₂-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/meyth₂-#Proto-Indo-European:_to_change"
    ],
    [
      "*missaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/missaz#Proto-Germanic:_divergent"
    ],
    [
      "*missa-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/missa-"
    ],
    [
      "*missa-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/missa-"
    ],
    [
      "mis-",
      "mis-#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "mys-",
      "mys-#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "mys-",
      "mys-#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "mis-",
      "mis-#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "mis-",
      "mis-#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*missa-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/missa-"
    ],
    [
      "*missa-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/missa-"
    ],
    [
      "*missaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/missaz"
    ],
    [
      "miss",
      "miss#English"
    ],
    [
      "*meyt(h₂)-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/meyth₂-"
    ],
    [
      "*mey-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mey-"
    ],
    [
      "mis-",
      "mis-#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "mis-",
      "mis-#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "miss-",
      "miss-#German"
    ],
    [
      "mis-",
      "mis-#German"
    ],
    [
      "mis-",
      "mis-#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "miss-",
      "miss-#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "mis-",
      "mis-#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "més-",
      "més-#French"
    ],
    [
      "mé-",
      "mé-#French"
    ],
    [
      "mes-",
      "mes-#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "*mis-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/mis-"
    ],
    [
      "*missa-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/missa-"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "prefix",
      "glosses": [
        "Bad or wrong; badly or wrongly.",
        "Incorrect; incorrectly.",
        "Failed; in a manner resulting in failure (to do, complete or achieve something).",
        "Unintentional, accidental, mistaken; unintentionally, accidentally, mistakenly."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
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    }
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    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 1,
    "glosses": 0
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}

The source etymologies

Unnumbered source etymology

Relationships mentioned by the source

Where this record stops

Source and snapshot