*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of minus

From Middle English mynus, from Latin minus, neuter form of minor, comparative form of parvus (“small, little”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (“few, small”).

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
noun

The minus sign (−). · A negative quantity. · A downside or disadvantage.

prep

Made less or reduced by (followed by an expression of number or quantity). · Without; deprived of.

verb

To subtract.

adj

Being a negative quantity; pertaining to a deficit or reduction. · That is below zero by (a specified amount) on a scale. · Worse off than before; out of pocket. · Ranking just below (a designated rating).

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English mynus, from Latin minus, neuter form of minor, comparative form of parvus (“small, little”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (“few, small”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*mey- (small)"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "mynus"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English mynus"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "minus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin minus"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "mynus",
      "mynus#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "minus",
      "minus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "minor",
      "minor#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "parvus",
      "parvus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*mey-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mey-"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "The minus sign (−).",
        "A negative quantity.",
        "A downside or disadvantage."
      ],
      "tags": [],
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      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 271829
    },
    {
      "pos": "prep",
      "glosses": [
        "Made less or reduced by (followed by an expression of number or quantity).",
        "Without; deprived of."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal"
      ],
      "recordId": "3cba70295af25106019dda9837b9d27a51ee05cc885838af132ecb9841128a16",
      "rawRecordSha256": "4d08bb9cbfe513ee814857c79f0c59488fa051847573869747427c77d748863e",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 271828
    },
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To subtract."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "recordId": "72cb81cacda1233301d2fbc418ab5297383ded453f0d768d8ce773f471e64659",
      "rawRecordSha256": "e56ea98632f08bfe45ae834334ab337a04032166510fdbaeccdcebf465a5f4ee",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 271831
    },
    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "Being a negative quantity; pertaining to a deficit or reduction.",
        "That is below zero by (a specified amount) on a scale.",
        "Worse off than before; out of pocket.",
        "Ranking just below (a designated rating)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable",
        "colloquial",
        "obsolete",
        "postpositional"
      ],
      "recordId": "893e9973b5d754fddcf0cf351f229206f1ecd28d8380444d2f93eb06ee41a8f4",
      "rawRecordSha256": "18971c930560a07beec5dbf35f9380642d11cdb1517c7b34baf18f739f563778",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 271830
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for minus →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-bWludXM