*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of mine

From Middle English min, myn, from Old English mīn, from Proto-West Germanic *mīn, from Proto-Germanic *mīnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *méynos. Cognate with Saterland Frisian mien, West Frisian myn, Dutch mijn, Low Germ

4 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 4 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
det

My; belonging to me. · Used attributively after the noun it modifies. · Used attributively before a vowel.

pron

Used predicatively. · Used substantively, with an implied noun. · Used absolutely, set off from the sentence. · My house or home.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English min, myn, from Old English mīn, from Proto-West Germanic *mīn, from Proto-Germanic *mīnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *méynos. Cognate with Saterland Frisian mien, West Frisian myn, Dutch mijn, Low German mien, German mein, Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish min, Faroese and Icelandic mín.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionminenm
  • Inherited-form mentionmīnang
  • Inherited-form mention*mīngmw-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*mīnazgem-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*méynosine-pro
  • Cognate mentionmienstq
  • Cognate mentionmynfy
  • Cognate mentionmijnnl
  • Cognate mentionmiennds
  • Cognate mentionmeinde

This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:min",
        "id": "pronoun"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"mine\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"pronoun\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"mine\" id=\"English:_pronoun\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "min"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English min"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "mīn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English mīn"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*mīn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *mīn"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*mīnaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mīnaz"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*méynos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *méynos"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "mien"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian mien"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "myn"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian myn"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "mijn"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch mijn"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "mien"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German mien"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "mein"
      },
      "expansion": "German mein"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da,nb,nn,sv",
        "2": "min"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish min"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fo,is",
        "2": "mín"
      },
      "expansion": "Faroese and Icelandic mín"
    },
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        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:min",
        "id": "pronoun"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    }
  ],
  "links": [
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      "min",
      "min#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "myn",
      "myn#Middle_English"
    ],
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      "mīn",
      "min#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*mīn",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/mīn"
    ],
    [
      "*mīnaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mīnaz"
    ],
    [
      "*méynos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/méynos"
    ],
    [
      "mien",
      "mien#Saterland_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "myn",
      "myn#West_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "mijn",
      "mijn#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "mien",
      "mien#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "mein",
      "mein#German"
    ],
    [
      "Danish",
      "min#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "min#Norwegian_Bokmål"
    ],
    [
      "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "min#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
    ],
    [
      "min",
      "min#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "Faroese",
      "mín#Faroese"
    ],
    [
      "mín",
      "mín#Icelandic"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "det",
      "glosses": [
        "My; belonging to me.",
        "Used attributively after the noun it modifies.",
        "Used attributively before a vowel."
      ],
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        "archaic",
        "nonstandard"
      ],
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      "pos": "pron",
      "glosses": [
        "Used predicatively.",
        "Used substantively, with an implied noun.",
        "Used absolutely, set off from the sentence.",
        "My house or home."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal"
      ],
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}

Source etymology 2 · variant 1/2

Original entry ↗
noun

An excavation from which ore or solid minerals are taken, especially one consisting of underground tunnels. · Any source of wealth or resources. · A passage dug toward or underneath enemy lines, which is then packed with explosives. · A device intended to explode when stepped upon or touched, or when approached by a ship, vehicle, or person.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English [Term?], from Old French mine, from Late Latin mina, from Gaulish (compare to Welsh mwyn, Irish mianach (“ore”)), from Proto-Celtic *meinis (“ore, metal”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

This page abbreviates 3 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "id": "excavation"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English [Term?]"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "mine"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French mine"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "mina"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin mina"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cel-gau",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Gaulish"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "mwyn"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh mwyn"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "mianach",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ore"
      },
      "expansion": "Irish mianach (“ore”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*meinis",
        "4": "",
        "5": "ore, metal"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *meinis (“ore, metal”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "id": "excavation"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "mine",
      "mine#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "mina",
      "mina#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "mwyn",
      "mwyn#Welsh"
    ],
    [
      "mianach",
      "mianach#Irish"
    ],
    [
      "*meinis",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/meinis"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "word": "mino",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "Māori",
      "lang_code": "mi",
      "word": "maina",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "Samoan",
      "lang_code": "sm",
      "word": "maina",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "An excavation from which ore or solid minerals are taken, especially one consisting of underground tunnels.",
        "Any source of wealth or resources.",
        "A passage dug toward or underneath enemy lines, which is then packed with explosives.",
        "A device intended to explode when stepped upon or touched, or when approached by a ship, vehicle, or person."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
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  }
}

Source etymology 2 · variant 2/2

Original entry ↗
verb

To remove (rock or ore) from the ground. · To dig into, for ore or metal. · To sow mines (the explosive devices) in (an area). · To damage (a vehicle or ship) with a mine (an explosive device).

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English [Term?], from Old French mine, from Late Latin mina, from Gaulish (compare to Welsh mwyn, Irish mianach (“ore”)), from Proto-Celtic *meinis (“ore, metal”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

This page abbreviates 6 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "id": "excavation"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English [Term?]"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "mine"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French mine"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "mina"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin mina"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cel-gau",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Gaulish"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "mwyn"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh mwyn"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "mianach",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ore"
      },
      "expansion": "Irish mianach (“ore”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*meinis",
        "4": "",
        "5": "ore, metal"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *meinis (“ore, metal”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "id": "excavation"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "mine",
      "mine#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "mina",
      "mina#Latin"
    ],
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      "mwyn",
      "mwyn#Welsh"
    ],
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      "mianach",
      "mianach#Irish"
    ],
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      "*meinis",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/meinis"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To remove (rock or ore) from the ground.",
        "To dig into, for ore or metal.",
        "To sow mines (the explosive devices) in (an area).",
        "To damage (a vehicle or ship) with a mine (an explosive device)."
      ],
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        "ambitransitive",
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}

Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗
noun

Alternative form of mien.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Borrowed from French mine.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Borrowed-form mentionminefr
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
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      "name": "bor",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
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      },
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    },
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}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for mine →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-bWluZQ