Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗Any of various small two-winged flies, for example, from the family Chironomidae or non-biting midges, the family Chaoboridae or phantom midges, and the family Ceratopogonidae or biting midges, all belonging to the order Diptera. · A small, short or insignificant person. · Any bait or lure designed to resemble a midge.
From Middle English mydge, migge, from Old English myġġ, myċġ (“midge, gnat, mosquito”), from Proto-West Germanic *muggju, from Proto-Germanic *mugjō, from Proto-Indo-European *mū-, *mu-, *mew- (“fly, midge”). The dialectal sense of "short person" was originally figurative, and gave rise to midget (“short person”) via the diminutive suffix -et, which has since become part of standard English with that meaning; this has caused midge to undergo rebracketing as a clipping of midget. Cognates * Scots mige (“midge”) * Saterland Frisian Määge (“gnat, mosquito”) * West Frisian mich (“fly, mosquito”) * West Flemish meezje (“midge, mosquito”) * Dutch mug (“midge, gnat, mosquito”) * German Low German Mügge (“midge, gnat, mosquito”) * German Mücke (“midge, gnat, mosquito”) * Swedish mygg, mygga (“midge, gnat, mosquito”) * Icelandic mý (“midge, gnat, fly”) The Proto-Indo-European root was also the source of * Latin musca * Ancient Greek μυῖα (muîa) * Russian му́ха (múxa) * Latvian muša * Czech muchnička * Albanian mizë * Armenian մուն (mun)
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionmydgeenm
- Inherited-form mentionmyġġang
- Inherited-form mention*muggjugmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*mugjōgem-pro
- Derivation mention*mū-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionmigesco · midge
- Cognate mentionMäägestq · gnat, mosquito
- Cognate mentionmichfy · fly, mosquito
- Cognate mentionmeezjevls · midge, mosquito
- Cognate mentionmugnl · midge, gnat, mosquito
- Cognate mentionMückede · midge, gnat, mosquito
- Cognate mentionmyggsv
- Cognate mentionmýis · midge, gnat, fly
- Cognate mentionmuscala
- Cognate mentionμυῖαgrc
- Cognate mentionму́хаru
- Cognate mentionmušalv
- Cognate mentionmuchničkacs
- Cognate mentionmizësq
- Cognate mentionմունhy
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
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"expansion": "Middle English mydge"
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{
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},
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},
{
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"3": "*muggju"
},
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},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*mugjō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mugjō"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mū-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mū-"
},
{
"name": "rebracketing",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
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"expansion": "rebracketing"
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{
"name": "clipping",
"args": {
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"2": "midget",
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"expansion": "clipping of midget"
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{
"name": "col-top",
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"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
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"2": "mige",
"t": "midge"
},
"expansion": "Scots mige (“midge”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Määge",
"t": "gnat, mosquito"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Määge (“gnat, mosquito”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "mich",
"t": "fly, mosquito"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian mich (“fly, mosquito”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "vls",
"2": "meezje",
"t": "midge, mosquito"
},
"expansion": "West Flemish meezje (“midge, mosquito”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "mug",
"t": "midge, gnat, mosquito"
},
"expansion": "Dutch mug (“midge, gnat, mosquito”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Mügge",
"t": "midge, gnat, mosquito"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Mügge (“midge, gnat, mosquito”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Mücke",
"t": "midge, gnat, mosquito"
},
"expansion": "German Mücke (“midge, gnat, mosquito”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "mygg"
},
"expansion": "Swedish mygg"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "mý",
"t": "midge, gnat, fly"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic mý (“midge, gnat, fly”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "musca"
},
"expansion": "Latin musca"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μυῖα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μυῖα (muîa)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "му́ха"
},
"expansion": "Russian му́ха (múxa)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "muša"
},
"expansion": "Latvian muša"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "muchnička"
},
"expansion": "Czech muchnička"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "mizë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian mizë"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "մուն"
},
"expansion": "Armenian մուն (mun)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"mydge",
"mydge#Middle_English"
],
[
"migge",
"migge#Middle_English"
],
[
"myġġ",
"mygg#Old_English"
],
[
"myċġ",
"mycg#Old_English"
],
[
"*muggju",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/muggju"
],
[
"*mugjō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mugjō"
],
[
"*mū-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mū-"
],
[
"*mu-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mu-"
],
[
"*mew-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mew-"
],
[
"midget",
"midget#English"
],
[
"-et",
"-et#English"
],
[
"midget",
"midget#English"
],
[
"mige",
"mige#Scots"
],
[
"Määge",
"Määge#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"mich",
"mich#West_Frisian"
],
[
"meezje",
"meezje#West_Flemish"
],
[
"mug",
"mug#Dutch"
],
[
"Mügge",
"Mügge#Low_German"
],
[
"Mücke",
"Mücke#German"
],
[
"mygg",
"mygg#Swedish"
],
[
"mygga",
"mygga#Swedish"
],
[
"mý",
"mý#Icelandic"
],
[
"musca",
"musca#Latin"
],
[
"μυῖα",
"μυῖα#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"му́ха",
"муха#Russian"
],
[
"muša",
"muša#Latvian"
],
[
"muchnička",
"muchnička#Czech"
],
[
"mizë",
"mizë#Albanian"
],
[
"մուն",
"մուն#Armenian"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Any of various small two-winged flies, for example, from the family Chironomidae or non-biting midges, the family Chaoboridae or phantom midges, and the family Ceratopogonidae or biting midges, all belonging to the order Diptera.",
"A small, short or insignificant person.",
"Any bait or lure designed to resemble a midge."
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
],
"recordId": "755e33d34580b9a90c53e4d8cce6c46efd7a12905637df96600202196b69fe64",
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"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"lexicalRecords": 0,
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}
}