*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of mani-

From many; and also continuing Middle English mani-, mæni-, maniȝ- (also moni-, moniȝ-), from Old English maniġ-, meniġ-, mæniġ- (“many-, multi-”), from Proto-West Germanic *managa-, *manīga- (“many-, multi-”), from Prot

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In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
prefix

Alternative spelling of many used in combination with nouns to form other nouns and adjectives

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From many; and also continuing Middle English mani-, mæni-, maniȝ- (also moni-, moniȝ-), from Old English maniġ-, meniġ-, mæniġ- (“many-, multi-”), from Proto-West Germanic *managa-, *manīga- (“many-, multi-”), from Proto-Germanic *managaz (“many”). Cognate with Old Frisian manich-, monich- (“many-”), Old Dutch manag- (“many-”), Old Saxon manag- (“many-”), Old High German manag- (“many-”), modern German manch- (“many-, some-”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionmani-enm
  • Inherited-form mentionmaniġ-ang
  • Inherited-form mention*managa-gmw-pro
  • Derivation mention*managazgem-pro · many
  • Cognate mentionmanich-ofs
  • Cognate mentionmanag-odt · many-
  • Cognate mentionmanag-osx · many-
  • Cognate mentionmanag-goh · many-
  • Cognate mentionmanchde · many-, some-
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "mani-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English mani-"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "maniġ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English maniġ-"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*managa-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *managa-"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*managaz",
        "t": "many"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *managaz (“many”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ofs",
        "2": "manich-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Frisian manich-"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "manag-",
        "t": "many-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch manag- (“many-”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "manag-",
        "t": "many-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon manag- (“many-”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "manag-",
        "t": "many-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German manag- (“many-”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "manch",
        "3": "manch-",
        "t": "many-, some-"
      },
      "expansion": "German manch- (“many-, some-”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "many",
      "many#English"
    ],
    [
      "mani-",
      "mani-#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "mæni-",
      "mæni-#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "maniȝ-",
      "maniȝ-#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "moni-",
      "moni-#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "moniȝ-",
      "moniȝ-#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "maniġ-",
      "manig-#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "meniġ-",
      "menig-#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "mæniġ-",
      "mænig-#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*managa-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/managa-"
    ],
    [
      "*manīga-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/manīga-"
    ],
    [
      "*managaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/managaz"
    ],
    [
      "manich-",
      "manich-#Old_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "monich-",
      "monich-#Old_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "manag-",
      "manag-#Old_Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "manag-",
      "manag-#Old_Saxon"
    ],
    [
      "manag-",
      "manag-#Old_High_German"
    ],
    [
      "manch-",
      "manch#German"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "prefix",
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative spelling of many used in combination with nouns to form other nouns and adjectives"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "recordId": "c8fd2f052f98e48836685ace7d318f51d1459a8f5503d234c47688625b937e0f",
      "rawRecordSha256": "ba953ec86f7a4b5525019c6d775f7e16cb5d96708a29058a81ab5708c56c46aa",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 9955034
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for mani- →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-bWFuaS0