Etymology tree
Arabic مَا (mā)
Proto-Afroasiatic
Proto-Semitic *lV-
Arabic لِـ (li-)
univ.?
Arabic مَال (māl)bor.
Swahili malider.
Xhosa ímalíbor.
▲
Swahili malider.
Zulu ímalíbor.
English mali
Borrowed from Xhosa imali, Zulu imali (“money”), both ultimately from Swahili mali (“riches, wealth; property”), from Arabic مَال (māl, “money; affluence, wealth; possessions, property”). Some dictionaries suggest an origin in English money instead, making no attempt to account for the distribution of the loanword nor the proposed shift from /n/ to /l/, both of which make this unlikely.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xh:ímalí",
"4": "zu:ímalí",
"id": "money",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nArabic مَا (mā)\nProto-Afroasiatic\nProto-Semitic *lV-\nArabic لِـ (li-)\nuniv.?\nArabic مَال (māl)bor.\nSwahili malider.\nXhosa ímalíbor.\n▲\nSwahili malider.\nZulu ímalíbor.\nEnglish mali\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"property\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"univ.\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"مَا\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" }, { \"id\" : \"preposition\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Afroasiatic\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"afa-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Semitic\", \"term\" : \"*lV-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"لِـ\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Univerbation of\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"univerbation\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"مَال\", \"gloss\" : \"property\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Swahili\", \"term\" : \"mali\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sw\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Xhosa\", \"term\" : \"ímalí\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"xh\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"sw\", \"2\" : \":bor\", \"3\" : \"ar:مَال<t:property><ref:<span class=\\\"citation-whole\\\"><span class=\\\"cited-source\\\">Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020), <cite>Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa<\\/cite> (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; <span class=\\\"None\\\" lang=\\\"und\\\">145<\\/span>), Leiden • Boston: Brill, <small>→ISBN<\\/small>, [https:\\/\\/books.google.com\\/books?id=lJMMEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA284 pages <span class=\\\"None\\\" lang=\\\"und\\\">284-285 Nr. 2684<\\/span>]<\\/span><\\/span>><id:property>\", \"tree\" : \"1\", \"text\" : \"+\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Swahili\", \"term\" : \"mali\", \"lang\" : \"sw\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Zulu\", \"term\" : \"ímalí\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zu\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"mali\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"money\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"mali\" id=\"English:_money\">"
},
{
"name": "bor",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xh",
"3": "imali"
},
"expansion": "Xhosa imali"
},
{
"name": "bor",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "zu",
"3": "imali",
"t": "money"
},
"expansion": "Zulu imali (“money”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sw",
"3": "mali",
"t": "riches, wealth; property"
},
"expansion": "Swahili mali (“riches, wealth; property”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "مَال",
"t": "money; affluence, wealth; possessions, property"
},
"expansion": "Arabic مَال (māl, “money; affluence, wealth; possessions, property”)"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²"
},
{
"name": "noncog",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "money"
},
"expansion": "English money"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xh:ímalí",
"4": "zu:ímalí",
"id": "money",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nArabic مَا (mā)\nProto-Afroasiatic\nProto-Semitic *lV-\nArabic لِـ (li-)\nuniv.?\nArabic مَال (māl)bor.\nSwahili malider.\nXhosa ímalíbor.\n▲\nSwahili malider.\nZulu ímalíbor.\nEnglish mali"
}
],
"links": [
[
"مَا",
"ما#Arabic"
],
[
"*lV-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/lV-"
],
[
"لِـ",
"ل#Arabic:_preposition"
],
[
"مَال",
"مال#Arabic:_property"
],
[
"mali",
"mali#Swahili"
],
[
"ímalí",
"imali#Xhosa"
],
[
"mali",
"mali#Swahili"
],
[
"ímalí",
"imali#Zulu"
],
[
"imali",
"imali#Xhosa"
],
[
"imali",
"imali#Zulu"
],
[
"mali",
"mali#Swahili"
],
[
"مَال",
"مال#Arabic"
],
[
"money",
"money#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Money, cash."
],
"tags": [
"South-Africa",
"uncountable"
],
"recordId": "14663b35f168963c9d815f4c68f61f55e4a5164300418216f28ffe7e3385efed",
"rawRecordSha256": "af8d6424f696638cf5f548b71920a269a64f8d82c33d10e6388338c5ab6433e5",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 336539
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}