Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗adv
Intensifier; to a large degree; extremely; exceedingly; very; unbelievably.
adj
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryInsane; crazy; mentally deranged. · Angry; annoyed. · Used litotically to indicate satisfaction or approval. · Bizarre; incredible.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱe? Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm Proto-Germanic *ga- Proto-West Germanic *ga- Old English ġe- Proto-Indo-European *mey-? Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂- Proto-Indo-European *moyth₂-éye-tider. Proto-Germanic *maidijanąder. Old English *mǣdan Old English ġemǣdan, ġemǣded Middle English mad English mad From Middle English mad, madde, madd, medd, from Old English ġemǣd, ġemǣded (“enraged”), past participle of ġemǣdan, *mǣdan (“to make insane or foolish”), from Proto-Germanic *maidijaną (“to change; damage; cripple; injure; make mad”), from Proto-Germanic *maidaz ("weak; crippled"; compare Old English gemād (“silly, mad”), Old High German gimeit (“foolish, crazy”), literary German gemeit (“mad, insane”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (gamaiþs, “crippled”)), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- ("to change"; compare Old Irish máel (“bald, dull”), Old Lithuanian ap-maitinti (“to wound”), Sanskrit मेथति (méthati, “he hurts, comes to blows”)).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionmadenm
- Inherited-form mentionġemǣdang
- Derivation mention*maidijanągem-pro
- Derivation mention*maidazgem-pro
- Cognate mentiongemādang
- Cognate mentiongimeitgoh
- Cognate mentiongemeitde
- Cognate mention𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃got
- Derivation mention*mey-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionmáelsga
- Cognate mentionap-maitintiolt
- Cognate mentionमेथतिsa
This page abbreviates 6 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:mad<id:insane>",
"id": "insane; angry",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Germanic *ga-\nProto-West Germanic *ga-\nOld English ġe-\nProto-Indo-European *mey-?\nProto-Indo-European *meyth₂-\nProto-Indo-European *moyth₂-éye-tider.\nProto-Germanic *maidijanąder.\nOld English *mǣdan\nOld English ġemǣdan, ġemǣded\nMiddle English mad\nEnglish mad\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ga-\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ga-\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ġe-\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*moyth₂-éye-ti\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to change\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"change\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*meyth₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*maidijaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"*mǣdan\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ġemǣdan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"mad\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"mad\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"insane; angry\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"mad\" id=\"English:_insane;_angry\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mad"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mad"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġemǣd"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġemǣd"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*maidijaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to change; damage; cripple; injure; make mad"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *maidijaną (“to change; damage; cripple; injure; make mad”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*maidaz",
"id": "weak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *maidaz"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gemād",
"3": "",
"4": "silly, mad"
},
"expansion": "Old English gemād (“silly, mad”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gimeit",
"3": "",
"4": "foolish, crazy"
},
"expansion": "Old High German gimeit (“foolish, crazy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gemeit",
"3": "",
"4": "mad, insane"
},
"expansion": "German gemeit (“mad, insane”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "crippled"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (gamaiþs, “crippled”)"
},
{
"name": "gloss",
"args": {
"1": "\"weak; crippled\"; compare Old English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ang\">gemād</i> (“silly, mad”), Old High German <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"goh\">gimeit</i> (“foolish, crazy”), literary German <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"de\">gemeit</i> (“mad, insane”), Gothic <i class=\"Goth mention\" lang=\"got\">𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃</i> (gamaiþs, “crippled”)"
},
"expansion": "(\"weak; crippled\"; compare Old English gemād (“silly, mad”), Old High German gimeit (“foolish, crazy”), literary German gemeit (“mad, insane”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (gamaiþs, “crippled”))"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mey-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mey-"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "máel",
"3": "",
"4": "bald, dull"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish máel (“bald, dull”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "olt",
"2": "ap-maitinti",
"3": "",
"4": "to wound"
},
"expansion": "Old Lithuanian ap-maitinti (“to wound”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "मेथति",
"3": "",
"4": "he hurts, comes to blows",
"tr": "méthati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit मेथति (méthati, “he hurts, comes to blows”)"
},
{
"name": "gloss",
"args": {
"1": "\"to change\"; compare Old Irish <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">máel</i> (“bald, dull”), Old Lithuanian <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"olt\">ap-maitinti</i> (“to wound”), Sanskrit <i class=\"Deva mention\" lang=\"sa\">मेथति</i> (méthati, “he hurts, comes to blows”)"
},
"expansion": "(\"to change\"; compare Old Irish máel (“bald, dull”), Old Lithuanian ap-maitinti (“to wound”), Sanskrit मेथति (méthati, “he hurts, comes to blows”))"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:mad<id:insane>",
"id": "insane; angry",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Germanic *ga-\nProto-West Germanic *ga-\nOld English ġe-\nProto-Indo-European *mey-?\nProto-Indo-European *meyth₂-\nProto-Indo-European *moyth₂-éye-tider.\nProto-Germanic *maidijanąder.\nOld English *mǣdan\nOld English ġemǣdan, ġemǣded\nMiddle English mad\nEnglish mad"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*ḱe",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱe#Proto-Indo-European:_here"
],
[
"*ḱóm",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱóm#Proto-Indo-European:_beside"
],
[
"*ga-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ga-#Proto-Germanic:_together"
],
[
"*ga-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ga-#Proto-West_Germanic:_intensifier"
],
[
"ġe-",
"ge-#Old_English:_intensifier"
],
[
"*mey-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mey-#Proto-Indo-European:_change"
],
[
"*meyth₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/meyth₂-#Proto-Indo-European:_to_change"
],
[
"*maidijaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/maidijaną"
],
[
"*mǣdan",
"Reconstruction:Old English/mædan"
],
[
"ġemǣdan, ġemǣded",
"gemædan#Old_English"
],
[
"mad",
"mad#Middle_English:_insane"
],
[
"mad",
"mad#Middle_English"
],
[
"madde",
"madde#Middle_English"
],
[
"madd",
"madd#Middle_English"
],
[
"medd",
"medd#Middle_English"
],
[
"ġemǣd",
"gemæd#Old_English"
],
[
"ġemǣded",
"gemæded#Old_English"
],
[
"ġemǣdan",
"gemædan#Old_English"
],
[
"*mǣdan",
"Reconstruction:Old English/mædan"
],
[
"*maidijaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/maidijaną"
],
[
"*maidaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/maidaz#Proto-Germanic:_weak"
],
[
"Old English",
"w:Old English"
],
[
"gemād",
"gemad#Old_English"
],
[
"Old High German",
"w:Old High German"
],
[
"gimeit",
"gimeit#Old_High_German"
],
[
"German",
"w:German language"
],
[
"gemeit",
"gemeit#German"
],
[
"Gothic",
"w:Gothic language"
],
[
"𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃",
"𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃#Gothic"
],
[
"*mey-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mey-"
],
[
"Old Irish",
"w:Old Irish"
],
[
"máel",
"máel#Old_Irish"
],
[
"ap-maitinti",
"ap-maitinti#Old_Lithuanian"
],
[
"Sanskrit",
"w:Sanskrit"
],
[
"मेथति",
"मेथति#Sanskrit"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adv",
"glosses": [
"Intensifier; to a large degree; extremely; exceedingly; very; unbelievably."
],
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"New-York",
"UK",
"dialectal",
"not-comparable",
"slang"
],
"recordId": "7b63ff4154bb8f190c0ee3116d42d0b32ac2de129fecd1a97760b9d886926489",
"rawRecordSha256": "a3d8f27d2555cfb3bdc8e41488d3ae029263a43b6fd80dacd8dad503b1b00850",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 203010
},
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Insane; crazy; mentally deranged.",
"Angry; annoyed.",
"Used litotically to indicate satisfaction or approval.",
"Bizarre; incredible."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"US",
"informal",
"Ireland"
],
"recordId": "89f9e502e7ed99ed604980f678a6f61789709c862c44d53e050bfc461b9fe24f",
"rawRecordSha256": "52d3395c960a900b0139ba0b65ee838029b9b6929161d8cd6ce2a58d727b9926",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 203009
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 6,
"glosses": 0
}
}