*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of moral

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *med- Proto-Indo-European *meh₁-der. Proto-Italic *mōs Latin mōs Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- Proto-Indo-European *-is Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.? Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālis Lat

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
adj

Of or relating to principles of right and wrong in behaviour, especially conforming to principles of rectitude. · Conforming to a given standard of right behaviour. · Being sanctioned by or operative on one's conscience or ethical judgment. · Capable of right and wrong action.

noun

The ethical significance or practical lesson. · Moral practices or teachings: modes of conduct. · A depiction of good or heroic actions. · A morality play.

verb

To moralize.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *med- Proto-Indo-European *meh₁-der. Proto-Italic *mōs Latin mōs Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- Proto-Indo-European *-is Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.? Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālis Latin mōrālis Old French moralbor. Middle English moral English moral From Middle English moral, from Old French moral, from Latin mōrālis (“relating to manners or morals”) (first used by Cicero, to translate Ancient Greek ἠθικός (ēthikós, “moral”)), from mos (“manner, custom”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

This page abbreviates 4 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:moral<ety:bor<fro:moral<ety:inh<la:mōrālis>>>>",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *med-\nProto-Indo-European *meh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *mōs\nLatin mōs\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nLatin mōrālis\nOld French moralbor.\nMiddle English moral\nEnglish moral\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"manner, custom, way; law\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"measure\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*med-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*meh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*mōs\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"mōs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"mōrālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"moral\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"moral\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"moral\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"moral\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "moral"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English moral"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "moral"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French moral"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "mōrālis",
        "t": "relating to manners or morals"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin mōrālis (“relating to manners or morals”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἠθικός",
        "t": "moral"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἠθικός (ēthikós, “moral”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:moral<ety:bor<fro:moral<ety:inh<la:mōrālis>>>>",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *med-\nProto-Indo-European *meh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *mōs\nLatin mōs\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nLatin mōrālis\nOld French moralbor.\nMiddle English moral\nEnglish moral"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*med-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/med-"
    ],
    [
      "*meh₁-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/meh₁-#Proto-Indo-European:_measure"
    ],
    [
      "*mōs",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/mōs"
    ],
    [
      "mōs",
      "mos#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*h₂el-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂el-#Proto-Indo-European:_grow"
    ],
    [
      "*-is",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-is"
    ],
    [
      "*-ālis",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ālis"
    ],
    [
      "-ālis",
      "-alis#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "mōrālis",
      "moralis#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "moral",
      "moral#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "moral",
      "moral#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "moral",
      "moral#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "moral",
      "moral#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "mōrālis",
      "moralis#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "ἠθικός",
      "ἠθικός#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "mos",
      "mos#Latin"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "Of or relating to principles of right and wrong in behaviour, especially conforming to principles of rectitude.",
        "Conforming to a given standard of right behaviour.",
        "Being sanctioned by or operative on one's conscience or ethical judgment.",
        "Capable of right and wrong action."
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "recordId": "05ced74a341beca074a32204983ffd2a30ef94b2ab91e391557ee05a9506b6da",
      "rawRecordSha256": "c6b2cd789ef1a66174eab26dfe9975309492cebcbc55d86aa72765df2ecb7027",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 189806
    },
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "The ethical significance or practical lesson.",
        "Moral practices or teachings: modes of conduct.",
        "A depiction of good or heroic actions.",
        "A morality play."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "in-plural",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "recordId": "15711acccf3e90a0ed73d57b6123feaa85a87559ccbd300d5b1ff4deab459a2f",
      "rawRecordSha256": "ad385eb581c03386b066a156ec9aa61116b7cdf009d5b63368b9fc4b034ed716",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 189807
    },
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To moralize."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "recordId": "23806de4b87b9f37ab61d5e35edc1df9c3c3b6e6a6fa913435f41b0c6fd6765e",
      "rawRecordSha256": "6aaa9d49291a3749c2298f399b9d21a9cc4004188caa1e8d5708cd598908053b",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 189808
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 4,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for moral →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-bW9yYWw