Etymology of month

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗

noun

A period into which a year is divided, historically based on the phases of the moon. · A period of 30 days, 31 days, or some alternation thereof. · A woman's period; menstrual discharge.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *med- Proto-Indo-European *meh₁-? Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥sder. Proto-Germanic *mēnōþs Proto-West Germanic *mānōþ Old English mōnaþ Middle English mon(e)th English month From Middle English mon(e)th, from Old English mōnaþ, from Proto-West Germanic *mānōþ, from Proto-Germanic *mēnōþs (“month”), from Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s (“moon, month”), probably derived from *meh₁- (“measure”) with moon-cycles being used to measure time. Related to moon. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Mound (“month”), Dutch maand (“month”), German Low German Maand (“month”), German Monat (“month”), Danish måned (“month”), Swedish månad (“month”), Icelandic mánuður (“month”). Eclipsed non-native Old English calend (“month”), borrowed from Latin calendae.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inherited-form mentionmonethenm
Inherited-form mentionmōnaþang
Inherited-form mention*mānōþgmw-pro
Inherited-form mention*mēnōþsgem-pro · month
Inherited-form mention*mḗh₁n̥sine-pro · moon, month
Cognate mentionMoundstq · month
Cognate mentionmaandnl · month
Cognate mentionMonatde · month
Cognate mentionmånedda · month
Cognate mentionmånadsv · month
Cognate mentionmánuðuris · month
Non-cognate comparisoncalendang · month
Non-cognate comparisonkalendaela

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:moneth<alt:mon(e)th>",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *med-\nProto-Indo-European *meh₁-?\nProto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥sder.\nProto-Germanic *mēnōþs\nProto-West Germanic *mānōþ\nOld English mōnaþ\nMiddle English mon(e)th\nEnglish month\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"measure\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*med-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*meh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mḗh₁n̥s\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*mēnōþs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*mānōþ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"mōnaþ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"moon\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"Moon\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"Moon\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"2\" : \"*meh₁-<id:measure><unc:1>\", \"id\" : \"Moon\", \"pos\" : \"word\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mḗh₁n̥s\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*mēnô\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*mānō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"mōna\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"mone\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"u-stem\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"action noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tus\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-þuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-þu\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-þ\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-th\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"moneth\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"month\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"month\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "moneth",
        "4": "mon(e)th"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English mon(e)th"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "mōnaþ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English mōnaþ"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*mānōþ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *mānōþ"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*mēnōþs",
        "t": "month"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mēnōþs (“month”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*mḗh₁n̥s",
        "t": "moon, month"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s (“moon, month”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "Mound",
        "t": "month"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian Mound (“month”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "maand",
        "t": "month"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch maand (“month”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "Maand",
        "t": "month"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German Maand (“month”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Monat",
        "t": "month"
      },
      "expansion": "German Monat (“month”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "måned",
        "t": "month"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish måned (“month”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "månad",
        "t": "month"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish månad (“month”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "mánuður",
        "t": "month"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic mánuður (“month”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "ncog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "calend",
        "t": "month"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English calend (“month”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "ncog",
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "kalendae",
        "3": "calendae"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin calendae"
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:moneth<alt:mon(e)th>",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *med-\nProto-Indo-European *meh₁-?\nProto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥sder.\nProto-Germanic *mēnōþs\nProto-West Germanic *mānōþ\nOld English mōnaþ\nMiddle English mon(e)th\nEnglish month"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*med-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/med-"
    ],
    [
      "*meh₁-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/meh₁-#Proto-Indo-European:_measure"
    ],
    [
      "*mḗh₁n̥s",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mḗh₁n̥s"
    ],
    [
      "*mēnōþs",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mēnōþs"
    ],
    [
      "*mānōþ",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/mānōþ"
    ],
    [
      "mōnaþ",
      "monaþ#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "mon(e)th",
      "moneth#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "mon(e)th",
      "moneth#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "mōnaþ",
      "monaþ#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*mānōþ",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/mānōþ"
    ],
    [
      "*mēnōþs",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mēnōþs"
    ],
    [
      "*mḗh₁n̥s",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mḗh₁n̥s"
    ],
    [
      "*meh₁-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/meh₁-"
    ],
    [
      "moon",
      "moon#English"
    ],
    [
      "Mound",
      "Mound#Saterland_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "maand",
      "maand#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "Maand",
      "Maand#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "Monat",
      "Monat#German"
    ],
    [
      "måned",
      "måned#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "månad",
      "månad#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "mánuður",
      "mánuður#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "calend",
      "calend#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "calendae",
      "kalendae#Latin"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A period into which a year is divided, historically based on the phases of the moon.",
        "A period of 30 days, 31 days, or some alternation thereof.",
        "A woman's period; menstrual discharge."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "in-plural",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "recordId": "03215c6b86cdb0736658f122449a6ffa5801f91c1c8a78f1cc779f45b2ee32a0",
      "rawRecordSha256": "715efc332f8a8dff756416ede906b271ca2234230fa5884f016b4fe7be145379",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 545
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

The source etymologies

Unnumbered source etymology

Relationships mentioned by the source

Where this record stops

Source and snapshot