Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗To mimic, to simulate. · To create an artistic representation of. · To make fun of, especially by mimicking; to taunt. · To tantalise, and disappoint the hopes of.
An imitation, usually of lesser quality. · Mockery; the act of mocking. · Ellipsis of mock examination. · A mockup or prototype; particularly, ellipsis of mock object, as used in unit testing.
Imitation, not genuine; fake.
From Middle English mokken, from Old French mocquer, moquier (“to deride, jeer”), from Middle Dutch mocken (“to mumble”) or Middle Low German mucken (“to grumble, talk with the mouth half-opened”), both from Proto-West Germanic *mokkijan, *mukkijan (“to low, bellow; mumble”), from Proto-Germanic *mukkijaną, *mūhaną (“to low, bellow, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *mūg-, *mūk- (“to low, mumble”). Cognate with Dutch mokken (“to sulk; pout; mope; grumble”), Old High German firmucken (“to be stupid”), Modern German mucksen (“to utter a word; mumble; grumble”), West Frisian mokke (“to mope; sulk; grumble”), Swedish mucka (“to murmur”), dialectal Dutch mokkel (“kiss”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionmokkenenm
- Derivation mentionmocquerfro
- Derivation mentionmockendum · to mumble
- Derivation mentionmuckengml
- Derivation mention*mokkijangmw-pro
- Derivation mention*mukkijanągem-pro
- Derivation mention*mūg-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionmokkennl · to sulk; pout; mope; grumble
- Cognate mentionfirmuckengoh
- Cognate mentionmucksende
- Cognate mentionmokkefy · to mope; sulk; grumble
- Cognate mentionmuckasv · to murmur
- Cognate mentionmokkelnl
This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mokken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mokken"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "mocquer"
},
"expansion": "Old French mocquer"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "mocken",
"t": "to mumble"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch mocken (“to mumble”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "mucken",
"4": "",
"5": "to grumble, talk with the mouth half-opened"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German mucken (“to grumble, talk with the mouth half-opened”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*mokkijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *mokkijan"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*mukkijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mukkijaną"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mūg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mūg-"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "mokken",
"t": "to sulk; pout; mope; grumble"
},
"expansion": "Dutch mokken (“to sulk; pout; mope; grumble”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "firmucken",
"3": "",
"4": "to be stupid"
},
"expansion": "Old High German firmucken (“to be stupid”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "mucksen",
"3": "",
"4": "to utter a word; mumble; grumble"
},
"expansion": "German mucksen (“to utter a word; mumble; grumble”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "mokke",
"t": "to mope; sulk; grumble"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian mokke (“to mope; sulk; grumble”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "mucka",
"t": "to murmur"
},
"expansion": "Swedish mucka (“to murmur”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "mokkel",
"3": "",
"4": "kiss"
},
"expansion": "Dutch mokkel (“kiss”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"mokken",
"mokken#Middle_English"
],
[
"mocquer",
"mocquer#Old_French"
],
[
"moquier",
"moquier#Old_French"
],
[
"mocken",
"mocken#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"mucken",
"mucken#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"*mokkijan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/mokkijan"
],
[
"*mukkijan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/mukkijan"
],
[
"*mukkijaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mukkijaną"
],
[
"*mūhaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mūhaną"
],
[
"*mūg-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mūg-"
],
[
"*mūk-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mūk-"
],
[
"mokken",
"mokken#Dutch"
],
[
"firmucken",
"firmucken#Old_High_German"
],
[
"mucksen",
"mucksen#German"
],
[
"mokke",
"mokke#West_Frisian"
],
[
"mucka",
"mucka#Swedish"
],
[
"mokkel",
"mokkel#Dutch"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To mimic, to simulate.",
"To create an artistic representation of.",
"To make fun of, especially by mimicking; to taunt.",
"To tantalise, and disappoint the hopes of."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"recordId": "006f2d63345510054686dbf82b0a17ed843808e5b98b5a50294a68e2a66d84c4",
"rawRecordSha256": "7d60de6011247f612088736e019e978e84f2185d438e7160a40147f5e3983210",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 44191
},
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"An imitation, usually of lesser quality.",
"Mockery; the act of mocking.",
"Ellipsis of mock examination.",
"A mockup or prototype; particularly, ellipsis of mock object, as used in unit testing."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"ellipsis"
],
"recordId": "43922701855dfb5092e1447796ee14bb608de44b0583dc8877421692f1637393",
"rawRecordSha256": "f703f2c032944349956e6436caf52983f5706e90ac3531bda889f3229c0e2665",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 44190
},
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Imitation, not genuine; fake."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"recordId": "c30bd512d1f628bc93a23c21d224e2c6b90bca78af291588ee759cd1e2c46f30",
"rawRecordSha256": "e42816643f8fde653eb0a857125339daff53c3e888273cb185993bbf4b0cde25",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 44192
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 1,
"glosses": 0
}
}