Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗To fortify with a mound; add a barrier, rampart, etc. to. · To force or pile into a mound or mounds. · To form a mound.
An artificial hill or elevation of earth; a raised bank; an embankment thrown up for defense · A natural elevation appearing as if thrown up artificially; a regular and isolated hill, hillock, or knoll. · An elevated area of dirt upon which the pitcher stands to pitch. · A ball or globe forming part of the regalia of an emperor or other sovereign. It is encircled with bands, enriched with precious stones, and surmounted with a cross.
From earlier meaning "hedge, fence", from Middle English mound, mund (“protection, boundary, raised earthen rampart”), from Old English mund (“hand, hand of protection, protector, guardianship”), from Proto-West Germanic *mundu, from Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand”), *munduz (“protection, patron”), from Proto-Indo-European *mh₂-nt-éh₂ (“the beckoning one”), from *(s)meh₂- (“to beckon”). Cognate with Old Frisian mund (“guardianship”), Middle Dutch mond (“protection”), Old High German munt (“hand, protection”) German Mündel (“ward”), Vormund (“guardian”)), Icelandic and Old Norse mund (“hand”), and possibly Latin manus (“hand”), Ancient Greek μάρη (márē, “hand”). Not related to mount.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionmoundenm
- Inherited-form mentionmundang
- Inherited-form mention*mundugmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*mundōgem-pro
- Inherited-form mention*mh₂-nt-éh₂ine-pro
- Cognate mentionmundofs
- Cognate mentionmonddum
- Cognate mentionmuntgoh
- Cognate mentionMündelde
- Cognate mentionmundnon
- Cognate mentionmanusla
- Cognate mentionμάρηgrc
This page abbreviates 7 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mound"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mound"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
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"2": "ang",
"3": "mund",
"4": "",
"5": "hand, hand of protection, protector, guardianship"
},
"expansion": "Old English mund (“hand, hand of protection, protector, guardianship”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
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"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*mundu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *mundu"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*mundō",
"4": "",
"5": "hand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mh₂-nt-éh₂",
"4": "",
"5": "the beckoning one"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mh₂-nt-éh₂ (“the beckoning one”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "mund",
"3": "",
"4": "guardianship"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian mund (“guardianship”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "mond",
"3": "",
"4": "protection"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch mond (“protection”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "munt",
"3": "",
"4": "hand, protection"
},
"expansion": "Old High German munt (“hand, protection”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Mündel",
"3": "",
"4": "ward"
},
"expansion": "German Mündel (“ward”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "mund",
"3": "",
"4": "hand"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse mund (“hand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "manus",
"3": "",
"4": "hand"
},
"expansion": "Latin manus (“hand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μάρη",
"3": "",
"4": "hand"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μάρη (márē, “hand”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"mound",
"mound#Middle_English"
],
[
"mund",
"mund#Middle_English"
],
[
"mund",
"mund#Old_English"
],
[
"*mundu",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/mundu"
],
[
"*mundō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mundō"
],
[
"*munduz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/munduz"
],
[
"*mh₂-nt-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mh₂-nt-éh₂"
],
[
"*(s)meh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)meh₂-"
],
[
"mund",
"mund#Old_Frisian"
],
[
"mond",
"mond#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"munt",
"munt#Old_High_German"
],
[
"Mündel",
"Mündel#German"
],
[
"Vormund",
"Vormund#German"
],
[
"mund",
"mund#Old_Norse"
],
[
"manus",
"manus#Latin"
],
[
"μάρη",
"μάρη#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"mount",
"mount#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To fortify with a mound; add a barrier, rampart, etc. to.",
"To force or pile into a mound or mounds.",
"To form a mound."
],
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"intransitive"
],
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{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"An artificial hill or elevation of earth; a raised bank; an embankment thrown up for defense",
"A natural elevation appearing as if thrown up artificially; a regular and isolated hill, hillock, or knoll.",
"An elevated area of dirt upon which the pitcher stands to pitch.",
"A ball or globe forming part of the regalia of an emperor or other sovereign. It is encircled with bands, enriched with precious stones, and surmounted with a cross."
],
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}