*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of live

From Middle English lefe, lifen, libbe, libben, live, luvien, lyven, from Old English libban, lifian (“to live; be alive”), from Proto-West Germanic *libbjan, from Proto-Germanic *libjaną (“to live”), from Proto-Indo-Eur

2 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 2 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
verb

To be alive; to have life. · To have permanent residence somewhere, to inhabit, to reside. · (of an object) to have its proper place; to normally be stored. · To survive; to persevere; to continue.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English lefe, lifen, libbe, libben, live, luvien, lyven, from Old English libban, lifian (“to live; be alive”), from Proto-West Germanic *libbjan, from Proto-Germanic *libjaną (“to live”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to stick”). Cognates Cognate with Yola live (“to live”), North Frisian laawe, lawe, lewe, lewi, lewwe, lääwe (“to live”), Saterland Frisian lieuwje, líeuwje (“to live”), West Frisian libje (“to live”), Alemannic German läbe (“to live”), Cimbrian and Mòcheno lem (“to live”), Dutch leeven, leven (“to live”), German leben (“to live”), German Low German lęven (“to live”), Limburgish leve, léëve (“to live”), Luxembourgish liewen (“to live”), Vilamovian łaowa (“to live”), Yiddish לעבן (lebn, “to live”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål leve (“to live”), Faroese liva (“to live”), Icelandic lifa (“to live”), Norwegian Nynorsk leva, leve, liva (“to live”), Swedish leva (“to live”), Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (liban, “to live”); also Latin lippus (“half-sighted, myopic”), Greek λίπος (lípos, “fat, tallow”), Lithuanian lipti (“to stick”), Bulgarian лепя́ (lepjá, “to glue, paste, stick; to plaster, smear”), Czech lepit (“to glue, stick”), Macedonian лепи (lepi, “to glue, stick”), Polish lepić (“to mold; to glue, paste; to stick”), Russian лепи́ть (lepítʹ, “to fashion, sculpt, shape”), Serbo-Croatian лепити, лије́пити, lépiti, lijépiti (“to glue, paste; to stick”), Slovak lepiť (“to stick”), Slovene lepiti (“to stick”), Ukrainian ліпити (lipyty, “to mould, shape”), Sanskrit लिप् (lip, “to anoint, smear; to defile, soil, taint”), रिप् (rip, “deceit, fraud; injury; enemy, traitor”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Root classification mention*leyp-ine-pro
  • Inherited-form mentionlefeenm
  • Inherited-form mentionlibbanang
  • Inherited-form mention*libbjangmw-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*libjanągem-pro · to live
  • Derivation mention*leyp-ine-pro · to stick
  • Cognate mentionliveyol · to live
  • Cognate mentionlaawefrr
  • Cognate mentionlieuwjestq
  • Cognate mentionlibjefy · to live
  • Cognate mentionläbegsw · to live
  • Cognate mentionleevennl
  • Cognate mentionlebende · to live
  • Cognate mentionleveli
  • Cognate mentionliewenlb · to live
  • Cognate mentionłaowawym · to live
  • Cognate mentionלעבןyi · to live
  • Cognate mentionlivafo · to live
  • Cognate mentionlifais · to live
  • Cognate mentionlevann
  • Cognate mentionlevasv · to live
  • Cognate mention𐌻𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽got · to live
  • Cognate mentionlippusla · half-sighted, myopic
  • Cognate mentionλίποςel · fat, tallow
  • Cognate mentionliptilt · to stick
  • Cognate mentionлепя́bg · to glue, paste, stick; to plaster, smear
  • Cognate mentionlepitcs · to glue, stick
  • Cognate mentionлепиmk · to glue, stick
  • Cognate mentionlepićpl · to mold; to glue, paste; to stick
  • Cognate mentionлепи́тьru · to fashion, sculpt, shape
  • Cognate mentionлепитиsh
  • Cognate mentionlepiťsk · to stick
  • Cognate mentionlepitisl · to stick
  • Cognate mentionліпитиuk · to mould, shape
  • Cognate mentionलिप्sa · to anoint, smear; to defile, soil, taint

This page abbreviates 10 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*leyp-"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:lefe",
        "id": "be alive"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"live\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"be alive\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"live\" id=\"English:_be_alive\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "lefe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English lefe"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "libban"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English libban"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*libbjan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *libbjan"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*libjaną",
        "t": "to live"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *libjaną (“to live”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*leyp-",
        "t": "to stick"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to stick”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "col-top",
      "args": {
        "1": "2",
        "2": "cog"
      },
      "expansion": "Cognates"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "yol",
        "2": "live",
        "t": "to live"
      },
      "expansion": "Yola live (“to live”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "frr",
        "2": "laawe"
      },
      "expansion": "North Frisian laawe"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "lieuwje"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian lieuwje"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "libje",
        "t": "to live"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian libje (“to live”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "gsw",
        "2": "läbe",
        "t": "to live"
      },
      "expansion": "Alemannic German läbe (“to live”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "cim,mhn",
        "2": "lem",
        "t": "to live"
      },
      "expansion": "Cimbrian and Mòcheno lem (“to live”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "leeven"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch leeven"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "leben",
        "t": "to live"
      },
      "expansion": "German leben (“to live”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "lęven",
        "t": "to live"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German lęven (“to live”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "li",
        "2": "leve"
      },
      "expansion": "Limburgish leve"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "lb",
        "2": "liewen",
        "t": "to live"
      },
      "expansion": "Luxembourgish liewen (“to live”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "wym",
        "2": "łaowa",
        "t": "to live"
      },
      "expansion": "Vilamovian łaowa (“to live”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "לעבן",
        "t": "to live"
      },
      "expansion": "Yiddish לעבן (lebn, “to live”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da,nb",
        "2": "leve",
        "t": "to live"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish and Norwegian Bokmål leve (“to live”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fo",
        "2": "liva",
        "t": "to live"
      },
      "expansion": "Faroese liva (“to live”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "lifa",
        "t": "to live"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic lifa (“to live”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "leva"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk leva"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "leva",
        "t": "to live"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish leva (“to live”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌻𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽",
        "t": "to live"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (liban, “to live”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "lippus",
        "t": "half-sighted, myopic"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin lippus (“half-sighted, myopic”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "el",
        "2": "λίπος",
        "t": "fat, tallow"
      },
      "expansion": "Greek λίπος (lípos, “fat, tallow”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "lipti",
        "t": "to stick"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian lipti (“to stick”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "лепя́",
        "t": "to glue, paste, stick; to plaster, smear"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian лепя́ (lepjá, “to glue, paste, stick; to plaster, smear”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "lepit",
        "t": "to glue, stick"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech lepit (“to glue, stick”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "mk",
        "2": "лепи",
        "t": "to glue, stick"
      },
      "expansion": "Macedonian лепи (lepi, “to glue, stick”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "lepić",
        "t": "to mold; to glue, paste; to stick"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish lepić (“to mold; to glue, paste; to stick”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "лепи́ть",
        "t": "to fashion, sculpt, shape"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian лепи́ть (lepítʹ, “to fashion, sculpt, shape”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "лепити"
      },
      "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian лепити"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sk",
        "2": "lepiť",
        "t": "to stick"
      },
      "expansion": "Slovak lepiť (“to stick”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sl",
        "2": "lepiti",
        "t": "to stick"
      },
      "expansion": "Slovene lepiti (“to stick”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "ліпити",
        "t": "to mould, shape"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian ліпити (lipyty, “to mould, shape”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "लिप्",
        "t": "to anoint, smear; to defile, soil, taint"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit लिप् (lip, “to anoint, smear; to defile, soil, taint”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:lefe",
        "id": "be alive"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "lefe",
      "lefe#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "lifen",
      "lifen#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "libbe",
      "libbe#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "libben",
      "libben#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "live",
      "live#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "luvien",
      "luvien#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "lyven",
      "lyven#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "libban",
      "libban#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "lifian",
      "lifian#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*libbjan",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/libbjan"
    ],
    [
      "*libjaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/libjaną"
    ],
    [
      "*leyp-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/leyp-"
    ],
    [
      "live",
      "live#Yola"
    ],
    [
      "laawe",
      "laawe#North_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "lawe",
      "lawe#North_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "lewe",
      "lewe#North_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "lewi",
      "lewi#North_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "lewwe",
      "lewwe#North_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "lääwe",
      "lääwe#North_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "lieuwje",
      "lieuwje#Saterland_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "líeuwje",
      "líeuwje#Saterland_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "libje",
      "libje#West_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "läbe",
      "läbe#Alemannic_German"
    ],
    [
      "Cimbrian",
      "lem#Cimbrian"
    ],
    [
      "lem",
      "lem#Mòcheno"
    ],
    [
      "leeven",
      "leeven#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "leven",
      "leven#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "leben",
      "leben#German"
    ],
    [
      "lęven",
      "lęven#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "leve",
      "leve#Limburgish"
    ],
    [
      "léëve",
      "léëve#Limburgish"
    ],
    [
      "liewen",
      "liewen#Luxembourgish"
    ],
    [
      "łaowa",
      "łaowa#Vilamovian"
    ],
    [
      "לעבן",
      "לעבן#Yiddish"
    ],
    [
      "Danish",
      "leve#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "leve",
      "leve#Norwegian_Bokmål"
    ],
    [
      "liva",
      "liva#Faroese"
    ],
    [
      "lifa",
      "lifa#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "leva",
      "leva#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
    ],
    [
      "leve",
      "leve#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
    ],
    [
      "liva",
      "liva#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
    ],
    [
      "leva",
      "leva#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "𐌻𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽",
      "𐌻𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽#Gothic"
    ],
    [
      "lippus",
      "lippus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "λίπος",
      "λίπος#Greek"
    ],
    [
      "lipti",
      "lipti#Lithuanian"
    ],
    [
      "лепя́",
      "лепя#Bulgarian"
    ],
    [
      "lepit",
      "lepit#Czech"
    ],
    [
      "лепи",
      "лепи#Macedonian"
    ],
    [
      "lepić",
      "lepić#Polish"
    ],
    [
      "лепи́ть",
      "лепить#Russian"
    ],
    [
      "лепити",
      "лепити#Serbo-Croatian"
    ],
    [
      "лије́пити",
      "лијепити#Serbo-Croatian"
    ],
    [
      "lépiti",
      "lepiti#Serbo-Croatian"
    ],
    [
      "lijépiti",
      "lijepiti#Serbo-Croatian"
    ],
    [
      "lepiť",
      "lepiť#Slovak"
    ],
    [
      "lepiti",
      "lepiti#Slovene"
    ],
    [
      "ліпити",
      "ліпити#Ukrainian"
    ],
    [
      "लिप्",
      "लिप्#Sanskrit"
    ],
    [
      "रिप्",
      "रिप्#Sanskrit"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Jamaican Creole",
      "lang_code": "jam",
      "word": "lib"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Jamaican Creole",
      "lang_code": "jam",
      "word": "liv"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Krio",
      "lang_code": "kri",
      "word": "lib"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Maroon Spirit Language",
      "lang_code": "crp-mar",
      "word": "lib"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Maroon Spirit Language",
      "lang_code": "crp-mar",
      "word": "libis"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Sranan Tongo",
      "lang_code": "srn",
      "word": "libi",
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Aukan",
          "lang_code": "djk",
          "word": "líbi"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Saramaccan",
          "lang_code": "srm",
          "word": "líbi"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To be alive; to have life.",
        "To have permanent residence somewhere, to inhabit, to reside.",
        "(of an object) to have its proper place; to normally be stored.",
        "To survive; to persevere; to continue."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "informal"
      ],
      "recordId": "f8d2dfafd34c9779220cb44880af04263dabc23bf9e1c7718f0fcad6797221a4",
      "rawRecordSha256": "4ddecd55773262748054c5a355c093b7792238e6d7a148cf4b2d37a4bed4f79c",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 38770
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 10,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
adv

Of an event, as it happens; in real time; direct. · Of making a performance or speech, in person.

adj

Having life; that is alive. · Being in existence; actual. · Having active properties; being energized. · Operational; in actual use rather than in testing etc.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

An apheretic form of alive.

This page abbreviates 18 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":clip",
        "3": "alive",
        "id": "alive"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#clipping|Clipping]] of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"on\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂en-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*an\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ana\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"on\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*leyp-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*lībaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*lībą\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*līb\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"līf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"līfe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"on līfe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"alyve\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"alive\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"clipping\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"live\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"alive\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"live\" id=\"English:_alive\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "apheretic form",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "alive",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "apheretic form of alive"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":clip",
        "3": "alive",
        "id": "alive"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "alive",
      "alive#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "adv",
      "glosses": [
        "Of an event, as it happens; in real time; direct.",
        "Of making a performance or speech, in person."
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "recordId": "1f2691c5bb82622b85716a58f36d1818f3bf3427a0c03378303c7e2b039e0fdb",
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      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 38772
    },
    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "Having life; that is alive.",
        "Being in existence; actual.",
        "Having active properties; being energized.",
        "Operational; in actual use rather than in testing etc."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ],
      "recordId": "d5dc35307c62e0f2192b42dbaba00518fa0950b83f532bcce3839ec7634c324b",
      "rawRecordSha256": "ceaf96f6922acf95ee7d5b37f7e082b08834f35e3c8e8309feee35733a83e8ea",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 38771
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 18,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for live →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-bGl2ZQ