Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗The action of the batsman not attempting to play at the ball. · The arrangement of balls in play that remains after a shot is made (which determines whether the next shooter — who may be either the same player, or an opponent — has good options, or only poor ones). · The tiles remaining on a player's rack after his or her turn.
From Middle English leven, from Old English lǣfan (“to leave”), from Proto-West Germanic *laibijan, from Proto-Germanic *laibijaną (“to let stay, leave”), causative of *lībaną (“to stay, remain”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to stick; fat”). Cognate with Old Frisian lēva (“to leave”), dialectal Dutch loven (“to have left over, save, keep”), Old Saxon lēvian, Old High German leiban (“to leave”), Old Norse leifa (“to leave over”) (whence Icelandic leifa (“to leave food uneaten”), Swedish leva (“to leave”)), lifna (“to be left”) (whence Danish levne). More at lave, belive. The noun is attested since the 19th century, with earliest references to billiards.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*leyp-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionlevenenm
- Inherited-form mentionlǣfanang · to leave
- Inherited-form mention*laibijangmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*laibijanągem-pro · to let stay, leave
- Derivation mention*leyp-ine-pro · to stick; fat
- Cognate mentionlēvaofs · to leave
- Cognate mentionlovennl · to have left over, save, keep
- Cognate mentionlēvianosx
- Cognate mentionleibangoh · to leave
- Cognate mentionleifanon · to leave over
- Cognate mentionleifais · to leave food uneaten
- Cognate mentionlevasv · to leave
- Cognate mentionlevneda
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leyp-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "leven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English leven"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lǣfan",
"t": "to leave"
},
"expansion": "Old English lǣfan (“to leave”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*laibijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *laibijan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*laibijaną",
"t": "to let stay, leave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laibijaną (“to let stay, leave”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leyp-",
"t": "to stick; fat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to stick; fat”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "lēva",
"t": "to leave"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian lēva (“to leave”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "loven",
"t": "to have left over, save, keep"
},
"expansion": "Dutch loven (“to have left over, save, keep”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "lēvian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon lēvian"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "leiban",
"t": "to leave"
},
"expansion": "Old High German leiban (“to leave”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "leifa",
"t": "to leave over"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse leifa (“to leave over”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "leifa",
"t": "to leave food uneaten"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic leifa (“to leave food uneaten”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "leva",
"t": "to leave"
},
"expansion": "Swedish leva (“to leave”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "levne"
},
"expansion": "Danish levne"
}
],
"links": [
[
"leven",
"leven#Middle_English"
],
[
"lǣfan",
"læfan#Old_English"
],
[
"*laibijan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laibijan"
],
[
"*laibijaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laibijaną"
],
[
"*lībaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lībaną"
],
[
"*leyp-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/leyp-"
],
[
"lēva",
"leva#Old_Frisian"
],
[
"loven",
"loven#Dutch"
],
[
"lēvian",
"levian#Old_Saxon"
],
[
"leiban",
"leiban#Old_High_German"
],
[
"leifa",
"leifa#Old_Norse"
],
[
"leifa",
"leifa#Icelandic"
],
[
"leva",
"leva#Swedish"
],
[
"lifna",
"lifna#Icelandic"
],
[
"levne",
"levne#Danish"
],
[
"lave",
"lave#Etymology_2"
],
[
"belive",
"belive#Etymology_1"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"The action of the batsman not attempting to play at the ball.",
"The arrangement of balls in play that remains after a shot is made (which determines whether the next shooter — who may be either the same player, or an opponent — has good options, or only poor ones).",
"The tiles remaining on a player's rack after his or her turn."
],
"tags": [],
"recordId": "e24c152c6456b6f841bc7f33558a3f7dcee67d3cf6bf700631ab2834a7517ed1",
"rawRecordSha256": "2852acf0221d04b13e10eeda811379c4bf265d6d5a0e00ab3fc40a6a239bd135",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 31472
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
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"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
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}
}