*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of lean

From Middle English lenen (“to lean”), from Old English hleonian, hlinian (“to lean, recline, lie down, rest”), from Proto-West Germanic *hlinēn, from Proto-Germanic *hlināną (“to lean, incline”), from Proto-Indo-Europea

3 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 3 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
noun

An inclination away from the vertical.

verb

To incline, deviate, or bend, from a vertical position; to be in a position thus inclining or deviating. · To incline in opinion or desire; to conform in conduct; often with to, toward, etc. · To rest or rely, for support, comfort, to use as a hard surface for writing, etc. · To hang outwards.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English lenen (“to lean”), from Old English hleonian, hlinian (“to lean, recline, lie down, rest”), from Proto-West Germanic *hlinēn, from Proto-Germanic *hlināną (“to lean, incline”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱley-. Cognate via Proto-Germanic with Middle Dutch leunen (“to lean”), German lehnen (“to lean”); via Proto-Indo-European with climate, cline.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱley-",
        "id": "incline"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "lenen",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to lean"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English lenen (“to lean”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hleonian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hleonian"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*hlinēn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hlinēn"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hlināną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to lean, incline"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlināną (“to lean, incline”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱley-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱley-"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "leunen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to lean"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch leunen (“to lean”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "lehnen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to lean"
      },
      "expansion": "German lehnen (“to lean”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "lenen",
      "lenen#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "hleonian",
      "hleonian#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "hlinian",
      "hlinian#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*hlinēn",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hlinēn"
    ],
    [
      "*hlināną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlināną"
    ],
    [
      "*ḱley-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱley-"
    ],
    [
      "leunen",
      "leunen#Middle_Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "lehnen",
      "lehnen#German"
    ],
    [
      "climate",
      "climate#English"
    ],
    [
      "cline",
      "cline#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
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      "glosses": [
        "An inclination away from the vertical."
      ],
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        "To incline, deviate, or bend, from a vertical position; to be in a position thus inclining or deviating.",
        "To incline in opinion or desire; to conform in conduct; often with to, toward, etc.",
        "To rest or rely, for support, comfort, to use as a hard surface for writing, etc.",
        "To hang outwards."
      ],
      "tags": [
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        "copulative"
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}

Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
adj

Slim; not fleshy. · Having little fat. · Having little extra or little to spare; scanty; meagre. · Having a low proportion or concentration of a desired substance or ingredient.

verb

To thin out (a fuel-air mixture): to reduce the fuel flow into the mixture so that there is more air or oxygen.

noun

Meat with no fat on it. · An organism that is lean in stature.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English lene (“lean”), from Old English hlǣne (“lean”), (cognate with Low German leen), perhaps from hlǣnan (“to cause to lean (due to hunger or lack of food)”), from Proto-Germanic *hlainijaną (“to cause to lean”). If so, then related to Old English hlinian, hleonian (“to lean”). Compare Old Norse linr (“mild; soft, limp; weak”), Old High German len (“mild”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionleneenm
  • Inherited-form mentionhlǣneang
  • Cognate mentionleennds
  • Derivation mention*hlainijanągem-pro
  • Cognate mentionhlinianang
  • Non-cognate comparisonlinrnon · mild; soft, limp; weak
  • Non-cognate comparisonlengoh · mild

This page abbreviates 2 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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  "templates": [
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      "name": "inh",
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        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "lene",
        "4": "",
        "5": "lean"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English lene (“lean”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hlǣne",
        "4": "",
        "5": "lean"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hlǣne (“lean”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "leen"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German leen"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hlainijaną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to cause to lean"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlainijaną (“to cause to lean”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "hlinian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hlinian"
    },
    {
      "name": "ncog",
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "linr",
        "t": "mild; soft, limp; weak"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse linr (“mild; soft, limp; weak”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "ncog",
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "len",
        "t": "mild"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German len (“mild”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "lene",
      "lene#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "hlǣne",
      "hlæne#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "leen",
      "leen#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "hlǣnan",
      "hlænan#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*hlainijaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlainijaną"
    ],
    [
      "hlinian",
      "hlinian#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "hleonian",
      "hleonian#Old_English"
    ],
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      "linr",
      "linr#Old_Norse"
    ],
    [
      "len",
      "len#Old_High_German"
    ]
  ],
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  "descendants": [],
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        "Having a low proportion or concentration of a desired substance or ingredient."
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      "glosses": [
        "To thin out (a fuel-air mixture): to reduce the fuel flow into the mixture so that there is more air or oxygen."
      ],
      "tags": [],
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        "Meat with no fat on it.",
        "An organism that is lean in stature."
      ],
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        "uncountable",
        "countable"
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Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗
noun

A recreational drug composed of codeine-promethazine cough syrup mixed with usually soda and associated with the hip-hop culture of the Southern United States.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Probably from the verb to lean (see Etymology 1 above), supposedly because consumption of the intoxicating beverage causes one to lean or sway. Alternatively, from a clipping of gasoline (“an alcoholic beverage made of vodka and energy drink”).

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "clip",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gasoline",
        "t": "an alcoholic beverage made of vodka and energy drink",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "clipping of gasoline (“an alcoholic beverage made of vodka and energy drink”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "to lean",
      "lean#Etymology 1"
    ],
    [
      "Etymology 1",
      "lean#Etymology 1"
    ],
    [
      "gasoline",
      "gasoline#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
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Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for lean →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-bGVhbg