Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo cover, fill, or affect with lead. · To place leads between the lines of.
From Middle English led, leed, from Old English lēad (“lead”), from Proto-West Germanic *laud (“lead”), possibly borrowed from Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom, from Proto-Indo-European *plewd- (“to flow”). Cognate with Scots leid, lede (“lead”), North Frisian lud, luad (“lead”), West Frisian lead (“lead”), Dutch lood (“lead”), Low German Lod (“solder, plummet”), German Lot (“solder, plummet, sounding line”), Swedish lod (“solder, plummet”), Icelandic lóð (“a plumb, weight”), Irish luaidhe (“lead”) Latin plumbum (“lead”), Finnish luoti (“bullet”). Doublet of loth. More at flow. * (graphite in a pencil): Graphite was once believed to be a form of lead; see black lead and plumbago.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionledenm
- Inherited-form mentionlēadang · lead
- Inherited-form mention*laudgmw-pro · lead
- Derivation mention*ɸloudomcel-pro
- Derivation mention*plewd-ine-pro · to flow
- Cognate mentionleidsco
- Cognate mentionludfrr
- Cognate mentionleadfy · lead
- Cognate mentionloodnl · lead
- Cognate mentionLodnds · solder, plummet
- Cognate mentionLotde · solder, plummet, sounding line
- Cognate mentionlodsv · solder, plummet
- Cognate mentionlóðis · a plumb, weight
- Cognate mentionluaidhega · lead
- Cognate mentionplumbumla · lead
- Cognate mentionluotifi · bullet
- Doublet mentionlothen
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:led",
"id": "metal"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"lead\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*ɸloudom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Gaulish\", \"term\" : \"*loudon\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"cel-gau\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laud\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"lēad\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"led\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"lead\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"metal\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"lead\" id=\"English:_metal\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "led"
},
"expansion": "Middle English led"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lēad",
"t": "lead"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēad (“lead”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*laud",
"t": "lead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *laud (“lead”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸloudom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*plewd-",
"t": "to flow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *plewd- (“to flow”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "leid"
},
"expansion": "Scots leid"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "lud"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian lud"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "lead",
"t": "lead"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian lead (“lead”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lood",
"t": "lead"
},
"expansion": "Dutch lood (“lead”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Lod",
"t": "solder, plummet"
},
"expansion": "Low German Lod (“solder, plummet”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Lot",
"t": "solder, plummet, sounding line"
},
"expansion": "German Lot (“solder, plummet, sounding line”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "lod",
"t": "solder, plummet"
},
"expansion": "Swedish lod (“solder, plummet”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "lóð",
"t": "a plumb, weight"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic lóð (“a plumb, weight”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "luaidhe",
"t": "lead"
},
"expansion": "Irish luaidhe (“lead”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plumbum",
"t": "lead"
},
"expansion": "Latin plumbum (“lead”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "luoti",
"t": "bullet"
},
"expansion": "Finnish luoti (“bullet”)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "loth"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of loth"
},
{
"name": "sense",
"args": {
"1": "graphite in a pencil"
},
"expansion": "(graphite in a pencil):"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:led",
"id": "metal"
},
"expansion": ""
}
],
"links": [
[
"led",
"led#Middle_English"
],
[
"leed",
"leed#Middle_English"
],
[
"lēad",
"lead#Old_English"
],
[
"*laud",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laud"
],
[
"*ɸloudom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸloudom"
],
[
"*plewd-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/plewd-"
],
[
"leid",
"leid#Scots"
],
[
"lede",
"lede#Scots"
],
[
"lud",
"lud#North_Frisian"
],
[
"luad",
"luad#North_Frisian"
],
[
"lead",
"lead#West_Frisian"
],
[
"lood",
"lood#Dutch"
],
[
"Lod",
"Lod#Low_German"
],
[
"Lot",
"Lot#German"
],
[
"lod",
"lod#Swedish"
],
[
"lóð",
"lóð#Icelandic"
],
[
"luaidhe",
"luaidhe#Irish"
],
[
"plumbum",
"plumbum#Latin"
],
[
"luoti",
"luoti#Finnish"
],
[
"loth",
"loth#English"
],
[
"flow",
"flow#English"
],
[
"black lead",
"black lead#English"
],
[
"plumbago",
"plumbago#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To cover, fill, or affect with lead.",
"To place leads between the lines of."
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
"historical"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 29739
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],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"links": 0,
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"lexicalRecords": 0,
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}