Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry βnoun
Lightning; a bolt of lightning; also, a bright flame or light.
verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo strike, as lightning.
From Middle English levene. Spellings in Middle English and Early Modern English include leven, levin, levyn, leiven, and leyven. The earlier etymology is less clear. It is thought to be related to Gothic π»π°πΏπ·πΌπΏπ½πΉ (lauhmuni, q.v. for more), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (βbright, to shineβ). Possibly a regular reflex, or a North Germanic loan, or perhaps from a lost substrate.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionleveneenm
- Cognate mentionπ»π°πΏπ·πΌπΏπ½πΉgot
- Derivation mention*lewk-ine-pro
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "levene"
},
"expansion": "Middle English levene"
},
{
"name": "unc",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "less clear"
},
"expansion": "less clear"
},
{
"name": "qv",
"args": {},
"expansion": "q.v."
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "π»π°πΏπ·πΌπΏπ½πΉ",
"ng": "q.v. for more"
},
"expansion": "Gothic π»π°πΏπ·πΌπΏπ½πΉ (lauhmuni, q.v. for more)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewk-",
"4": "",
"5": "bright, to shine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (βbright, to shineβ)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate"
}
],
"links": [
[
"levene",
"levene#Middle_English"
],
[
"π»π°πΏπ·πΌπΏπ½πΉ",
"π»π°πΏπ·πΌπΏπ½πΉ#Gothic"
],
[
"q.v.",
"q.v.#Adverb"
],
[
"*lewk-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewk-"
],
[
"bright",
"bright"
],
[
"shine",
"shine"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Lightning; a bolt of lightning; also, a bright flame or light."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"countable",
"poetic",
"uncountable"
],
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},
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To strike, as lightning."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive",
"poetic"
],
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}