Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryThe mistress of a household. · A woman of breeding or higher class, a woman of authority. · A woman who behaves in a polite way. · The feminine of lord, a lordess.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kʷel-der.? Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz Proto-West Germanic *hlaib Old English hlāf Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ-der. Proto-Germanic *daigijǭder. Old English dǣġe Old English hlǣfdīġe Middle English lady English lady From Middle English lady, laddy, lafdi, lavedi, from Old English hlǣfdīġe (“mistress of a household, wife of a lord, lady”, literally “bread-kneader”), from hlāf (“bread, loaf”) + dǣġe (“kneader”), related to Old English dǣġe (“maker of dough”) (whence dey (“dairymaid”)). Compare also lord. More at loaf, dairy, dough. Unrelated to lad.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 14 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:lady",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷel-der.?\nProto-Germanic *hlaibaz\nProto-West Germanic *hlaib\nOld English hlāf\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ-der.\nProto-Germanic *daigijǭder.\nOld English dǣġe\nOld English hlǣfdīġe\nMiddle English lady\nEnglish lady\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kʷel-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hlaibaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hlaib\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hlāf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"knead\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰeyǵʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*daigijǭ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"dǣġe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hlǣfdīġe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"lady\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"lady\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"lady\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lady"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lady"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hlǣfdīġe",
"4": "",
"5": "mistress of a household, wife of a lord, lady",
"lit": "bread-kneader"
},
"expansion": "Old English hlǣfdīġe (“mistress of a household, wife of a lord, lady”, literally “bread-kneader”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dǣġe",
"3": "",
"4": "maker of dough"
},
"expansion": "Old English dǣġe (“maker of dough”)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:lady",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷel-der.?\nProto-Germanic *hlaibaz\nProto-West Germanic *hlaib\nOld English hlāf\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ-der.\nProto-Germanic *daigijǭder.\nOld English dǣġe\nOld English hlǣfdīġe\nMiddle English lady\nEnglish lady"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*kʷel-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷel-"
],
[
"*hlaibaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlaibaz#Proto-Germanic:_bread"
],
[
"*hlaib",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hlaib#Proto-West_Germanic:_bread"
],
[
"hlāf",
"hlaf#Old_English"
],
[
"*dʰeyǵʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰeyǵʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_knead"
],
[
"*daigijǭ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/daigijǭ"
],
[
"dǣġe",
"dæge#Old_English"
],
[
"hlǣfdīġe",
"hlæfdige#Old_English"
],
[
"lady",
"lady#Middle_English"
],
[
"lady",
"lady#Middle_English"
],
[
"laddy",
"laddy#Middle_English"
],
[
"lafdi",
"lafdi#Middle_English"
],
[
"lavedi",
"lavedi#Middle_English"
],
[
"hlǣfdīġe",
"hlæfdige#Old_English"
],
[
"hlāf",
"hlaf#Old_English"
],
[
"dǣġe",
"dæge#Old_English"
],
[
"dǣġe",
"dæge#Old_English"
],
[
"dey",
"dey#English"
],
[
"lord",
"lord#English"
],
[
"loaf",
"loaf#English"
],
[
"dairy",
"dairy#English"
],
[
"dough",
"dough#English"
],
[
"lad",
"lad#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "haar ladyskap",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
]
},
{
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"word": "لِيدِي",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "līdī",
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Egyptian Arabic",
"lang_code": "arz",
"word": "ليدي",
"roman": "lēdī"
}
]
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"word": "лэ́дзі",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lédzi"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"word": "ле́йди",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "léjdi"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "lady",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Lady",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"word": "λαίδη",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "laídi"
},
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"word": "λέδη",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lédi"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "lady",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "レディ",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "redi"
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "レディー",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "redī"
},
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "레이디",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "reidi"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"word": "lēdija",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"word": "леди",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ledi"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "lady",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "lady",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "ле́ди",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lédi"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "lady",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "lady",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Tongan",
"lang_code": "to",
"word": "leitī",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"word": "ле́ді",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lédi"
},
{
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"word": "läd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"The mistress of a household.",
"A woman of breeding or higher class, a woman of authority.",
"A woman who behaves in a polite way.",
"The feminine of lord, a lordess."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"recordId": "30aa7cb6352256601e9e574b1c4ac16efce93512ac3b7abc146f6d1101d4408c",
"rawRecordSha256": "46341a805ebb6b8bb6062d95ee017e6bd73daf071087d19ce4ac7b5db984fd3b",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 165222
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 14,
"glosses": 0
}
}