Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗verb
To take a long position in.
noun
A long vowel. · A long syllable. · A note formerly used in music, one half the length of a large, twice that of a breve. · A long integer variable, twice the size of an int, two or four times the size of a short, and half of a long long.
adj
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryHaving much distance in space from one end to the other. · Specifically, having much distance in a horizontal dimension (see also Usage Notes below). · Travelling a great distance. · Having a long penis.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dlongʰos Proto-Germanic *langaz Proto-West Germanic *lang Old English lang Middle English long English long From Middle English long, lang, from Old English long, lang (“long, tall, lasting”), from Proto-West Germanic *lang, from Proto-Germanic *langaz (“long”), from Proto-Indo-European *dlongʰos (“long”). Cognates Cognate with Scots lang (“long”), Yola lhaung, long (“long”), North Frisian long, lung, lüng (“long”), Saterland Frisian loang (“long”), West Frisian lang (“long”), Cimbrian lång (“long”), Dutch, German, and Low German lang (“long”), Luxembourgish laang (“long”), Mòcheno lònk (“long”), Vilamovian łaong (“long”), Yiddish לאַנג (lang, “long”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk lang (“long”), Faroese and Icelandic langur (“long”), Swedish lång (“long”), Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍃 (laggs, “long”); also Latin longus (“long”) (whence French long (“long”), Italian lungo (“long”), Portuguese longo (“long”), Spanish luengo (“long”)), Ancient Greek δολιχός (dolikhós, “long; wearisome”), Albanian gjatë (“long; tall”), Latvian ilgs (“long”), Lithuanian ilgas (“long”), Belarusian до́ўгі (dówhi, “long”), Bulgarian дъ́лъг (dắlăg, “long”), Czech dlúhý (“long”), Macedonian долг (dolg, “long”), Polish długi (“long”), Russian дли́нный (dlínnyj, “lengthy, long”), до́лгий (dólgij, “long”), Serbo-Croatian ду̏г, dȕg (“long”), Slovak dlhý (“long”), Slovene dolg (“long”), Ukrainian до́вгий (dóvhyj, “long”), Ossetian даргъ (darǧ, “late”), Central Kurdish دێر (dêr), درەنگ (dreng, “late”), Northern Kurdish dereng (“late”), Persian دیر (dēr / dir, “late; long”), درنگ (derang, “delay”), Sanskrit दीर्घ (dīrgha, “long”) (whence Bengali দীর্ঘ (dirgho, “long; tall”), Dhivehi ދިގު (digu, “long, lengthy”), Kalasha driga, dríga (“long; tall”), Kholosi taɽgo (“long”), Khowar درونگ (drung, “long”), Hindi दीर्घ (dīrgh, “long; tall; weighty”), Nepali दिघो (digho, “stable”), Odia ଦୀର୍ଘ (dirgha, “long”), Sinhalese දිග (diga, “long”), Urdu دیرگھ (dīrgh, “long; tall; weighty”)), Kamkata-viri drëgeř, drëgëř, drëŋëň, dërëgeň (“long; tall”), Prasuni jigni (“long; tall”). The word shows the regular historical change of a to o before certain consonant clusters such as ng (compare with other examples in Middle and Modern English such as bond, song, throng, and wrong). The o-form may have also been reinforced by Old French long, from Latin longus, from the same Indo-European word. Doublet of lungo and lunge.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionlongenm
- Inherited-form mentionlongang
- Inherited-form mention*langgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*langazgem-pro · long
- Inherited-form mention*dlongʰosine-pro · long
- Cognate mentionlangsco · long
- Cognate mentionlhaungyol
- Cognate mentionlongfrr
- Cognate mentionloangstq · long
- Cognate mentionlangfy · long
- Cognate mentionlångcim · long
- Cognate mentionlaanglb · long
- Cognate mentionlònkmhn · long
- Cognate mentionłaongwym · long
- Cognate mentionלאַנגyi · long
- Cognate mentionlångsv · long
- Cognate mention𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍃got · long
- Cognate mentionlongusla · long
- Cognate mentionlongfr · long
- Cognate mentionlungoit · long
- Cognate mentionlongopt · long
- Cognate mentionluengoes · long
- Cognate mentionδολιχόςgrc · long; wearisome
- Cognate mentiongjatësq · long; tall
- Cognate mentionilgslv · long
- Cognate mentionilgaslt · long
- Cognate mentionдо́ўгіbe · long
- Cognate mentionдъ́лъгbg · long
- Cognate mentiondlúhýcs · long
- Cognate mentionдолгmk · long
- Cognate mentiondługipl · long
- Cognate mentionдли́нныйru · lengthy, long
- Cognate mentionду̏гsh
- Cognate mentiondlhýsk · long
- Cognate mentiondolgsl · long
- Cognate mentionдо́вгийuk · long
- Cognate mentionдаргъos · late
- Cognate mentionدێرckb
- Cognate mentionderengkmr · late
- Cognate mentionدیرfa · late; long
- Cognate mentionदीर्घsa · long
- Cognate mentionদীর্ঘbn · long; tall
- Cognate mentionދިގުdv · long, lengthy
- Cognate mentiondrigakls
- Cognate mentiontaɽgoinc-kho · long
- Cognate mentionدرونگkhw · long
- Cognate mentionदीर्घhi · long; tall; weighty
- Cognate mentionदिघोne · stable
- Cognate mentionଦୀର୍ଘor · long
- Cognate mentionදිගsi · long
- Cognate mentionدیرگھur · long; tall; weighty
- Cognate mentiondrëgeřbsh
- Cognate mentionjigniprn · long; tall
- Derivation mentionlongfro
- Derivation mentionlongusla
- Doublet mentionlungoen
This page abbreviates 19 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:long<id:length>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dlongʰos\nProto-Germanic *langaz\nProto-West Germanic *lang\nOld English lang\nMiddle English long\nEnglish long\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*langaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*lang\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"lang\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"long\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"long\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"long\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "long"
},
"expansion": "Middle English long"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "long"
},
"expansion": "Old English long"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lang"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lang"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*langaz",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *langaz (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dlongʰos",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dlongʰos (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "lang",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Scots lang (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "lhaung"
},
"expansion": "Yola lhaung"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "long"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian long"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "loang",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian loang (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "lang",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian lang (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "lång",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian lång (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl,de,nds",
"2": "lang",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Dutch, German, and Low German lang (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "laang",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish laang (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "mhn",
"2": "lònk",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Mòcheno lònk (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "łaong",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian łaong (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "לאַנג",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish לאַנג (lang, “long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da,nb,nn",
"2": "lang",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk lang (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo,is",
"2": "langur",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Faroese and Icelandic langur (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "lång",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Swedish lång (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍃",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍃 (laggs, “long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "longus",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Latin longus (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "long",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "French long (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "lungo",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Italian lungo (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "longo",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese longo (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "luengo",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Spanish luengo (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δολιχός",
"t": "long; wearisome"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek δολιχός (dolikhós, “long; wearisome”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gjatë",
"t": "long; tall"
},
"expansion": "Albanian gjatë (“long; tall”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ilgs",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Latvian ilgs (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ilgas",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian ilgas (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "до́ўгі",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian до́ўгі (dówhi, “long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "дъ́лъг",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian дъ́лъг (dắlăg, “long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "dlúhý",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Czech dlúhý (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "долг",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian долг (dolg, “long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "długi",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Polish długi (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "дли́нный",
"t": "lengthy, long"
},
"expansion": "Russian дли́нный (dlínnyj, “lengthy, long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ду̏г"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian ду̏г"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "dlhý",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Slovak dlhý (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "dolg",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Slovene dolg (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "до́вгий",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian до́вгий (dóvhyj, “long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "даргъ",
"t": "late"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian даргъ (darǧ, “late”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "دێر"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish دێر (dêr)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "dereng",
"t": "late"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish dereng (“late”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "دیر",
"tr": "dēr / dir",
"t": "late; long"
},
"expansion": "Persian دیر (dēr / dir, “late; long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दीर्घ",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit दीर्घ (dīrgha, “long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "দীর্ঘ",
"t": "long; tall"
},
"expansion": "Bengali দীর্ঘ (dirgho, “long; tall”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "dv",
"2": "ދިގު",
"t": "long, lengthy"
},
"expansion": "Dhivehi ދިގު (digu, “long, lengthy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "kls",
"2": "driga"
},
"expansion": "Kalasha driga"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "inc-kho",
"2": "taɽgo",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Kholosi taɽgo (“long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "khw",
"2": "درونگ",
"tr": "drung",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Khowar درونگ (drung, “long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "दीर्घ",
"t": "long; tall; weighty"
},
"expansion": "Hindi दीर्घ (dīrgh, “long; tall; weighty”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ne",
"2": "दिघो",
"t": "stable"
},
"expansion": "Nepali दिघो (digho, “stable”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "or",
"2": "ଦୀର୍ଘ",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Odia ଦୀର୍ଘ (dirgha, “long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "si",
"2": "දිග",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Sinhalese දිග (diga, “long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "دیرگھ",
"tr": "dīrgh",
"t": "long; tall; weighty"
},
"expansion": "Urdu دیرگھ (dīrgh, “long; tall; weighty”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "drëgeř"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri drëgeř"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "prn",
"2": "jigni",
"t": "long; tall"
},
"expansion": "Prasuni jigni (“long; tall”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "long"
},
"expansion": "Old French long"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "longus"
},
"expansion": "Latin longus"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lungo"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lungo"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:long<id:length>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dlongʰos\nProto-Germanic *langaz\nProto-West Germanic *lang\nOld English lang\nMiddle English long\nEnglish long"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*dlongʰos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dlongʰos"
],
[
"*langaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/langaz"
],
[
"*lang",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/lang"
],
[
"lang",
"lang#Old_English"
],
[
"long",
"long#Middle_English:_length"
],
[
"long",
"long#Middle_English"
],
[
"lang",
"lang#Middle_English"
],
[
"long",
"long#Old_English"
],
[
"lang",
"lang#Old_English"
],
[
"*lang",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/lang"
],
[
"*langaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/langaz"
],
[
"*dlongʰos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dlongʰos"
],
[
"lang",
"lang#Scots"
],
[
"lhaung",
"lhaung#Yola"
],
[
"long",
"long#Yola"
],
[
"long",
"long#North_Frisian"
],
[
"lung",
"lung#North_Frisian"
],
[
"lüng",
"lüng#North_Frisian"
],
[
"loang",
"loang#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"lang",
"lang#West_Frisian"
],
[
"lång",
"lång#Cimbrian"
],
[
"Dutch",
"lang#Dutch"
],
[
"German",
"lang#German"
],
[
"lang",
"lang#Low_German"
],
[
"laang",
"laang#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"lònk",
"lònk#Mòcheno"
],
[
"łaong",
"łaong#Vilamovian"
],
[
"לאַנג",
"לאַנג#Yiddish"
],
[
"Danish",
"lang#Danish"
],
[
"Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"lang",
"lang#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"Faroese",
"langur#Faroese"
],
[
"langur",
"langur#Icelandic"
],
[
"lång",
"lång#Swedish"
],
[
"𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍃",
"𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍃#Gothic"
],
[
"longus",
"longus#Latin"
],
[
"long",
"long#French"
],
[
"lungo",
"lungo#Italian"
],
[
"longo",
"longo#Portuguese"
],
[
"luengo",
"luengo#Spanish"
],
[
"δολιχός",
"δολιχός#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"gjatë",
"gjatë#Albanian"
],
[
"ilgs",
"ilgs#Latvian"
],
[
"ilgas",
"ilgas#Lithuanian"
],
[
"до́ўгі",
"доўгі#Belarusian"
],
[
"дъ́лъг",
"дълъг#Bulgarian"
],
[
"dlúhý",
"dlúhý#Czech"
],
[
"долг",
"долг#Macedonian"
],
[
"długi",
"długi#Polish"
],
[
"дли́нный",
"длинный#Russian"
],
[
"до́лгий",
"долгий#Russian"
],
[
"ду̏г",
"дуг#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"dȕg",
"dug#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"dlhý",
"dlhý#Slovak"
],
[
"dolg",
"dolg#Slovene"
],
[
"до́вгий",
"довгий#Ukrainian"
],
[
"даргъ",
"даргъ#Ossetian"
],
[
"دێر",
"دێر#Central_Kurdish"
],
[
"درەنگ",
"درەنگ#Central_Kurdish"
],
[
"dereng",
"dereng#Northern_Kurdish"
],
[
"دیر",
"دیر#Persian"
],
[
"درنگ",
"درنگ#Persian"
],
[
"दीर्घ",
"दीर्घ#Sanskrit"
],
[
"দীর্ঘ",
"দীর্ঘ#Bengali"
],
[
"ދިގު",
"ދިގު#Dhivehi"
],
[
"driga",
"driga#Kalasha"
],
[
"dríga",
"dríga#Kalasha"
],
[
"taɽgo",
"taɽgo#Kholosi"
],
[
"درونگ",
"درونگ#Khowar"
],
[
"दीर्घ",
"दीर्घ#Hindi"
],
[
"दिघो",
"दिघो#Nepali"
],
[
"ଦୀର୍ଘ",
"ଦୀର୍ଘ#Odia"
],
[
"දිග",
"දිග#Sinhalese"
],
[
"دیرگھ",
"دیرگھ#Urdu"
],
[
"drëgeř",
"drëgeř#Kamkata-viri"
],
[
"drëgëř",
"drëgëř#Kamkata-viri"
],
[
"drëŋëň",
"drëŋëň#Kamkata-viri"
],
[
"dërëgeň",
"dërëgeň#Kamkata-viri"
],
[
"jigni",
"jigni#Prasuni"
],
[
"bond",
"bond#English"
],
[
"song",
"song#English"
],
[
"throng",
"throng#English"
],
[
"wrong",
"wrong#English"
],
[
"long",
"long#Old_French"
],
[
"longus",
"longus#Latin"
],
[
"lungo",
"lungo#English"
],
[
"lunge",
"lunge#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To take a long position in."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 38270
},
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A long vowel.",
"A long syllable.",
"A note formerly used in music, one half the length of a large, twice that of a breve.",
"A long integer variable, twice the size of an int, two or four times the size of a short, and half of a long long."
],
"tags": [],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 38269
},
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Having much distance in space from one end to the other.",
"Specifically, having much distance in a horizontal dimension (see also Usage Notes below).",
"Travelling a great distance.",
"Having a long penis."
],
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"recordId": "f20228f328507aa1f8b936c2b7c60857ee50a4547140e0bac9b0307788f14aba",
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 38268
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 19,
"glosses": 0
}
}