Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventorySomething used for fastening, which can only be opened with a key or combination. · A mutex or other token restricting access to a resource. · A segment of a canal or other navigable waterway enclosed by gates, used for raising and lowering boats between levels. · The firing mechanism in a gun.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *lewg-der. Proto-Germanic *luką Proto-West Germanic *lok Old English loc Middle English lok English lock From Middle English lok, from Old English loc, from Proto-West Germanic *lok, from Proto-Germanic *luką from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“to bend; turn”). Cognate with Cimbrian loch, lòch (“hole”), Dutch lok (“hole”), German Loch (“hole”), German Low German Lock (“hole”), Luxembourgish Lach (“hole”), Vilamovian łöch (“hole”), Yiddish לאָך (lokh, “hole”), Danish låg (“lid, cover”), Norwegian Bokmål lokk (“lid, cover”), Norwegian Nynorsk lok, lokk (“lid, cover”). more detail The verb is from Middle English locken, lokken, louken, from Old English lūcan, Proto-West Germanic *lūkan, from Proto-Germanic *lūkaną. Cognate with Dutch luiken (“to close, to shut”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål lukke (“to close, to shut”), Faroese lúka (“to end, to finish”), Icelandic ljúka (“to close, to shut”), Norwegian Nynorsk lukka (“to close, to shut”). Related to luxe via Latin.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionlokenm
- Inherited-form mentionlocang
- Inherited-form mention*lokgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*lukągem-pro
- Derivation mention*lewg-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionlochcim
- Cognate mentionloknl · hole
- Cognate mentionLochde · hole
- Cognate mentionLachlb · hole
- Cognate mentionłöchwym · hole
- Cognate mentionלאָךyi · hole
- Cognate mentionlågda · lid, cover
- Cognate mentionlokknb · lid, cover
- Cognate mentionloknn
- Inherited-form mentionlockenenm
- Inherited-form mentionlūcanang
- Inherited-form mention*lūkangmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*lūkanągem-pro
- Cognate mentionluikennl
- Cognate mentionlukkenb
- Cognate mentionlúkafo
- Cognate mentionljúkais
- Cognate mentionlukkann
This page abbreviates 8 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "senseno",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Q228039"
},
"expansion": "etymology 1, noun sense 1"
},
{
"name": "senseno",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Q105731"
},
"expansion": "etymology 1, noun sense 3"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:lok<id:lock>",
"id": "mechanism",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewg-der.\nProto-Germanic *luką\nProto-West Germanic *lok\nOld English loc\nMiddle English lok\nEnglish lock\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewg-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*luką\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*lok\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"loc\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"lok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"lock\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"mechanism\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"lock\" id=\"English:_mechanism\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lok"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lok"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "loc"
},
"expansion": "Old English loc"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lok"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lok"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*luką"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *luką"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewg-",
"4": "",
"5": "to bend; turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“to bend; turn”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "loch"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian loch"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lok",
"t": "hole"
},
"expansion": "Dutch lok (“hole”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Loch",
"t": "hole"
},
"expansion": "German Loch (“hole”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Lock",
"t": "hole"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Lock (“hole”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Lach",
"t": "hole"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish Lach (“hole”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "łöch",
"t": "hole"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian łöch (“hole”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "לאָך",
"t": "hole"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish לאָך (lokh, “hole”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "låg",
"t": "lid, cover"
},
"expansion": "Danish låg (“lid, cover”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "lokk",
"t": "lid, cover"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål lokk (“lid, cover”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "lok"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk lok"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "more detail"
},
"expansion": "more detail"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "locken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English locken"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lūcan"
},
"expansion": "Old English lūcan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lūkan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lūkan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lūkaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lūkaną"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "luiken",
"3": "",
"4": "to close, to shut"
},
"expansion": "Dutch luiken (“to close, to shut”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "lukke",
"3": "",
"4": "to close, to shut"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål lukke (“to close, to shut”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "lúka",
"3": "",
"4": "to end, to finish"
},
"expansion": "Faroese lúka (“to end, to finish”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "ljúka",
"3": "",
"4": "to close, to shut"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic ljúka (“to close, to shut”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "lukka",
"3": "",
"4": "to close, to shut"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk lukka (“to close, to shut”)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:lok<id:lock>",
"id": "mechanism",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewg-der.\nProto-Germanic *luką\nProto-West Germanic *lok\nOld English loc\nMiddle English lok\nEnglish lock"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*lewg-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewg-"
],
[
"*luką",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/luką"
],
[
"*lok",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/lok"
],
[
"loc",
"loc#Old_English:_lock"
],
[
"lok",
"lok#Middle_English:_lock"
],
[
"lok",
"lok#Middle_English"
],
[
"loc",
"loc#Old_English"
],
[
"*lok",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/lok"
],
[
"*luką",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/luką"
],
[
"*lewg-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewg-"
],
[
"loch",
"loch#Cimbrian"
],
[
"lòch",
"lòch#Cimbrian"
],
[
"lok",
"lok#Dutch"
],
[
"Loch",
"Loch#German"
],
[
"Lock",
"Lock#Low_German"
],
[
"Lach",
"Lach#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"łöch",
"łöch#Vilamovian"
],
[
"לאָך",
"לאָך#Yiddish"
],
[
"låg",
"låg#Danish"
],
[
"lokk",
"lokk#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"lok",
"lok#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"lokk",
"lokk#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"locken",
"locken#Middle_English"
],
[
"lokken",
"lokken#Middle_English"
],
[
"louken",
"louken#Middle_English"
],
[
"lūcan",
"lucan#Old_English"
],
[
"*lūkan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/lūkan"
],
[
"*lūkaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lūkaną"
],
[
"luiken",
"luiken#Dutch"
],
[
"lukke",
"lukke#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"lúka",
"lúka#Faroese"
],
[
"ljúka",
"ljúka#Icelandic"
],
[
"lukka",
"lukka#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"luxe",
"luxe#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"word": "lok"
},
{
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"lang_code": "haw",
"word": "laka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Something used for fastening, which can only be opened with a key or combination.",
"A mutex or other token restricting access to a resource.",
"A segment of a canal or other navigable waterway enclosed by gates, used for raising and lowering boats between levels.",
"The firing mechanism in a gun."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"recordId": "283b0389bc28f15bcdb30bda33cc56a51c85a12c2be3ef1cd1677a9ac0932f91",
"rawRecordSha256": "cf039c460d19ed0ba3c61633538dde913086f532a5969c70844cf0fa012718a5",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 156608
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 8,
"glosses": 0
}
}